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2026 Supreme(Online)(Guj) 8645

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
Maulik J. Shelat, J
Chiragkumar Dashratlal Patel – Appellant
Versus
State Of Gujarat – Respondent
R/SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 10595 of 2018|CIVIL APPLICATION (FOR STAY) NO. 1 of 2019 In R/SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 10595 of 2018



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Hemang M Shah
For the Respondents: Nidhi Vyas, Premal J Joshi

Modifying eligibility criteria during a recruitment process to create an artificial classification based on the timing of individual evaluations is discriminatory. Revised recruitment criteria must be applied uniformly to all candidates involved in the same selection process to satisfy constitutional equality requirements.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Articles 14 and 16 - Right to equality in public employment - Recruitment process - Modification of eligibility criteria - Minimum qualifying marks requirement waived by circular for ongoing recruitment where interviews were yet to be conducted - Exclusion of candidates based on the timing of interviews held prior to the circular creates artificial classification - Action is discriminatory and violative of constitutional provisions. (Paras 6, 8, 10, 13)

(B) Service Law - Recruitment - Rules of the game - Cannot be altered mid-stream to the detriment of candidates similarly situated - Once the requirement of minimum qualifying marks is abolished for a specific recruitment group, it must be applied uniformly to avoid irrational classification. (Paras 10, 13)

Facts of the case:
Applicants applied for posts pursuant to a common recruitment advertisement. After the applicants were interviewed and rejected for not meeting minimum cut-off marks, authorities issued a circular abolishing the minimum qualifying marks requirement for prospective and ongoing recruitment where interviews were pending. Candidates for other posts within the same recruitment process who had not yet been interviewed were granted the benefit of the waiver, while the applicants were excluded solely based on the date of their completed interviews.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the distinction drawn between candidates based on the timing of their interviews created an artificial class within a homogeneous group, breaching the principles of non-discrimination. The policy change, if applied to the recruitment process, must be uniform to ensure fairness.

Issues: The main issues were whether the exclusion of applicants from the benefit of a circular waiving minimum qualifying marks, based solely on the date of their interview, was discriminatory and whether the policy change could be applied to an ongoing recruitment process.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that once a decision is made to alter recruitment criteria, that decision must be applied to all participants in the same recruitment process to avoid creating an artificial class. Implementing the change only for those interviewed after a specific date constitutes an irrational classification, violating the constitutional guarantee of equality in public employment. Result : Petition partly allowed. Directions issued to prepare a fresh merit list after applying the modified criteria and considering the applicants against available vacancies.

Table of Content
1. initiation of judicial review petition regarding recruitment process grievance. (Para 1 , 2)
2. factual background concerning selection criteria and subsequent circular modifications. (Para 3)
3. arguments regarding the discriminatory application of recruitment rule changes. (Para 4 , 5)
4. court analysis on discriminatory classification and breach of articles 14 and 16. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10)
5. final directions to rectify recruitment anomalies and ensure compliance. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)

JUDGMENT

Approved for Reporting Yes No

1. Rule returnable forthwith. Ms.Nidhi Vyas, learned AGP waives service of rule for the respondent-State and Mr.Premal Joshi, learned advocate waives service of rule for respondent No. 2. Though served, none appears for respondents No. 3 to 6, but their presence is not required as Mr.Shah, learned advocate for the petitioners, does not press the present petition qua them.

1.1 With the consent of the learned advocates for the respective parties, the petition is taken up for hearing.

2. This petition is filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, seeking the following reliefs:

(A) Your Lordships be pleased to declare the action of removing the requirement of minimum qualifying marks and applying the same to a pending recruitment process where personal interview was yet to be held as discriminatory, bad in law and unreasonable and not tenable in law;

(B) Your Lordships be pleased to issue a writ of mandamus or any other appropriate writ, order or direction directing respondent authorities no 1 and 2 to extend the benefit of the amended provision of important instruction to the recruitment for which the petitioners had appeared and thereby declare revised select list in accordance with the amended recruitment rules;

(C) Your Lordships be pleased to issue a writ of mandamus commanding respondent authorities no. 1 and 2 to grant benefit of amended important instruction as stipulated vide notification dated 31.03.2018 and thereby recommend to State Government to issue appointment order to petitioner no. 1 to the post of Assistant Director (Biology) and petitioner no. 2 to the post of Assistant Director (Physics);

Or in the alternatively;

(D) Your Lordships be pleased to issue a writ of certiorari to quash and set aside the result declared on 05.05.2018 by which respondents no. 3 to 6 came to be recommended for appointment to the post of Assistant Director (Chemistry) by applying the amended important instruction as notified vide notification issued on 31.03.2018;

(E) Your Lordships be pleased to issue a writ of certiorari to quash and set aside the result declared on 08.01.2018 by which petitioner no 2 was not selected for appointment to the post of Assistant Director (Physics) as well as the result declared on 12.02.2018 by which petitioner no. 1 was not selected for appointment to the post of Assistant Director (Biology) as the same had been declared on the basis of old instructions;

(F) Pending admission and final hearing of the present matter. Your Lordships be pleased to direct respondent no. 2 to extend the benefit of amended important instruction to the recruitment for which the petitioners had appeared and thereby declare revised select list in accordance with the amended recruitment rules;

(G) Pending admission and final hearing of the present matter, Your Lordships be pleased to direct respondent no. 2 to issue a letter of recommendation to the State Government to issue appointment order to petitioner no. 1 to the post of Assistant Director (Biology) and also to issue appointment order to petitioner no. 2 to the post of Assistant Director (Physics);

(H) Pending admission and final hearing of the present matter, Your Lordships be pleased to stay the operation, implementation and execution of the amended provision of important instruction as notified vide notification dated 31.03.2018 in so far as the present recruitment process is concerned;

(I)

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