The State cannot deprive a citizen of their property without following due process of law. Property rights, protected as constitutional and human rights, cannot be extinguished by the State pleading limitation, laches, or adverse possession when land is taken for public purposes without formal legal acquisition.

The present appeal arises out of the judgment and decree, dated 27.12.2023 as passed by the learned District Judge, Bilaspur, H.P. in Civil Appeal No. 49/13 of 2023, whereby the appeal preferred by the present appellants/defendants has been ordered to be dismissed and the judgment and decree dated 01.01.2021, as passed by the learned Civil Judge, Bilaspur, H.P. in Civil Suit No. 161-1 of 2015, titled as Parkash & others vs. The Principal Secretary, Revenue & others, have been affirmed, whereby the suit filed by the plaintiffs/respondents for declaration and mandatory injunction was decreed.

2. Brief facts of the case are that the plaintiffs/respondents filed a suit for declaration and mandatory injunction in the Court of learned Civil Judge, Bilaspur, on 27.05.2015 on the ground that the land comprised in Khata/Khatoni No. 8/9, Khasra Nos. 247/227/28, measuring 2-03 bighas, situated at Village Mehthi, Pargna Rattanpur, Tehsil Sadar, District Bilaspur, H.P. is owned and possessed by the plaintiffs. In the year 1980, the defendants had constructed Deoth-Lag Ghat Jamli link road and for that purpose, the land owned and possessed by the plaintiffs was utilized. The officials of the defendants assured the plaintiffs to compensate them for utilization of their land, however no steps were taken by them. Further, it has been averred in the plaint that the lands of Surjan Ram and Chet Ram were also acquired and utilized by the defendants for construction of the road in question in the year 1987 vide Award No. 1/87. When the plaintiffs approached the defendants for the grant of compensation, no steps were taken by them for the reasons best known to them. Though, assurance was given to the plaintiffs to compensate them, but till date, no compensation amount has been paid, therefore, the plaintiffs were constrained to file a suit for declaration to the effect that they are owners in possession of the suit land and for mandatory injunction that since the defendants have utilized the suit land, therefore, the plaintiffs sought vacant possession of the suit land.

3. The suit was contested by the defendants/State by raising preliminary objections qua maintainability, locus stand, estoppel etc. On merits, it was averred that the defendants/appellants had constructed the road in question with the consent of the plaintiffs in the year 1987 and the defendants had not given any assurance to the plaintiffs to pay the compensation for the suit land. Lands of Surjan Ram and Chet Ram were acquired during the construction of the road in question and other portion of the road was constructed with the consent of the plaintiffs. At the time of construction of the road, the plaintiffs never raised any objection and now they cannot be permitted to raise objection that too after elapse of more than 35 years of the construction of road and consequently, the defendants sought dismissal of the suit.

4. On the pleadings of the parties, the learned trial court on 30.03.1017 framed the following issues:-

“1. Whether the plaintiffs are entitled for a decree of declaration, as prayed? OPP

2. Whether the plaintiffs are entitled for a decree of mandatory injunction directing the defendants to acquire the suit land, in case of non acquisition of the suit land, as prayed? OPP

3. Whether the plaintiffs are entitled for a decree of vacan