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2026 Supreme(Online)(Jhk) 32

HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND
Sujit Narayan Prasad, Arun Kumar Rai, JJ
Basmati Devi – Appellant
Versus
State of Jharkhand – Respondent
Criminal Appeal (D.B.) No.703 of 2024



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: R.S. Mazumdar, Nishant Kr. Roy
For the Respondents: Bhola Nath Ojha, Ashok Kumar

Post-conviction suspension of sentence requires identifying exceptional circumstances or a clear prima facie case for acquittal. Parity is not a standalone right but is contingent upon the specific role and culpability of the offender compared to co-accused already released on bail.

Headnote:(A) Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 - Section 430(1) - Indian Penal Code (IPC) - Sections 302, 307, 341, 504 read with Section 34 - Suspension of sentence - Post-conviction bail - Principles for grant of bail - Necessity to consider nature of accusation, gravity of offense, and prima facie merit of appeal - Presumption of innocence does not operate post-conviction. (Paras 29, 32, 33, 64)

(B) Appellate Practice - Principle of Parity in bail - Limitations - Parity cannot be a sole ground for bail - It must be applied with reference to role and culpability attributed to the accused - Need to avoid capricious application. (Paras 35, 36, 37, 48, 49, 50, 51)

(C) Evidence - Role of injured eye-witness - High probative value - Evidence of eye-witness detailing specific role of assailant is sufficient to deny suspension of sentence when prima facie case is established. (Paras 41, 47, 60, 61)

Facts of the case:
A criminal appeal was filed against the conviction and sentencing for murder and attempted murder. The appellant sought suspension of sentence pending appeal, citing parity with other co-accused who had already been granted bail and arguing that there was no active role in the fatal assault. The prosecution opposed the application, relying on the testimony of an injured eye-witness who specifically mentioned that the appellant caught hold of the deceased, facilitating the crime.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that the injured eye-witness provided a consistent account of the appellant’s specific role in the commission of the crime. The court noted that the medical evidence regarding injuries caused by blunt force corroborated the prosecution's version. Regarding the principle of parity, the court held that while other co-accused were granted bail due to lack of distinct roles or specific weapon usage, the present appellant’s specific active participation precluded the application of parity.

Issues: Whether the appellant is entitled to suspension of sentence pending appeal on the ground of parity, and whether a prima facie case against the appellant exists based on the record.

Ratio Decidendi: Suspension of sentence post-conviction is not a right; in cases under section 302 IPC, it is granted only in exceptional circumstances. Parity is not a stand-alone principle and must account for individual roles and culpability. Where an injured eye-witness testimony specifically identifies the appellant’s active role in the crime, the court should not re-evaluate evidence at the suspension stage but satisfy itself that the conviction is prima facie sustainable.

Result: Interlocutory application for suspension of sentence dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual background and procedural trial history of the criminal case. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
2. arguments for suspension of sentence based on limited role and parity. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
3. state opposition emphasizes the vital role of the accused in the crime. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27)
4. legal criteria for suspension of sentence and application of parity doctrine. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39)
5. prima facie evidentiary assessment of the eyewitness and medical reports. (Para 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47)
6. distinguishing co-accused roles; denying parity to the present applicant. (Para 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65)
7. formal dismissal of the interlocutory application for suspension of sentence. (Para 66 , 67 , 68)

C.A.V. on 16.12.2025 Pronounced on 07/01/2026

Per Sujit Narayan Prasad, J.

I.A. (Cr.) No. 15053 of 2025

1. The instant interlocutory application has been preferred by appellant No.2, namely, Durgesh Yadav @ Satyendra Yadav filed under Section 430(1) of BNSS, 2023 for keeping the sentence in abeyance in connection with the judgment of conviction dated 02.05.2024 and order of sentence dated 06.05.2024 passed by the learned Sessions Judge, Garhwa; in Sessions Trial No. 32 of 2017, arising out of Bardiha P.S. Case No. 60 of 2015, whereby and where under the accused persons including the present appellant/applicant have been convicted under Sections 302/34, 307/34, 504/34 and 341/34 of the IPC and sentenced to undergo R.I for life along with a fine of Rs.20,000/- each under section 302/34 of the IPC and in default of payment of fine, they have been ordered to undergo R.I of six months, R.I. for ten years with a fine of Rs.20,000/- each under section 307/34 of the IPC and in default of payment of fine, they have been ordered to undergo R.I of six months, R.I. for one year under section 341/34 of the IPC and R.I for two years under section 504/34 of the IPC, and it has also been ordered that all the sentences run concurrently and period of detention already undergone by the appellants as under trial prisoner be set off from above period of sentence.

2. This Court has heard the learned senior counsel appearing for the present applicant and the learned counsel appearing for the State as well as the learned counsel appearing for the informant at length on the application for suspension of sentence of the present applicant on 16.12.2025 and after concluding the argument, the order was reserved on the same day.

Factual Matrix

3. Prosecution case in brief as per fardbayan of informant namely Saroja Devi recorded on 21.12.2015 wherein it has been stated by the informant that on the same day at about 7:00 P.M. she along with her father Ram Prasad Yadav (now deceased) were taking the buffaloes towards a well for drinking water, in the meantime, Ramchandra Yadav came and told that your cow grazed my rahar crops and started abusing her father. Her father resisted and said not to abuse, meanwhile, Durgesh Yadav with lathi, Awadhesh Yadav with sabal, Gudan Yadav with tangi, Basmati Devi and Sunita Devi came near her bhandar, started abusing and assaulting her and her father with lathi, tangi and sabal. Her father in order to save his life running away but all of them chased him and attacked with lathi, tangi, sabal and assaulted him on whole body, due to which he fell down after becoming unconscious and he was taking to Garhwa hospital for treatment but on the way he died. The accused persons have also injured her by beating. Hence the present case.

4. On the basis of the aforesaid fardbayan, a formal FIR was instituted against the accused persons as Bardiha PS Case No.60 of 2015 dated 21.12.2015 under sections 147, 148, 149, 341, 323, 324, 307, 504 and 302 of the IPC against the six named accused persons. On completion of investigation, the police have submitted charge sheet No.

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