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2026 Supreme(Online)(Jhk) 1439

HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND
Sujit Narayan Prasad, J
Nitin Kumar Bhagat – Appellant
Versus
State of Jharkhand – Respondent
W.P.(S) No. 221 of 2017 | W.P.(S) No. 339 of 2017



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Ms. Shivani Jaluka
For the Respondents: Mr. Ashok Kumar Singh, Mr. Devesh Krishna, Mr. Kumar Pawan, Mr. Faisal Alam

Regularization of daily-rated employees requires valid appointment against sanctioned posts and ten years of continuous service without judicial intervention. Service rendered after a formal termination order cannot be aggregated to meet the ten-year threshold for regularization eligibility.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Public Employment - Regularization of daily-rated employees - The principle of regularization mandates that those who have completed ten years of continuous service in sanctioned posts, without the intervention of court orders, may be considered for regularization as a one-time measure. (Para 53)

(B) Back-door entry - Engagement of daily-rated employees without proper recruitment procedure is treated as a back-door entry and does not confer a vested right for regularization. (Para 24, 30)

(C) Continuity of service - Termination orders preclude the accumulation of continuous service periods to meet the threshold of ten years, particularly when initial induction was performed without formal advertisement. (Para 38, 39, 44)

Facts of the case:
The petitioners were engaged as daily wage workers. Despite their multi-year service, they were terminated after disciplinary reviews indicated their initial induction was irregular. The petitioners argued they qualified for regularization by completing ten years of service, contending that their continued work after the termination orders should be counted toward the qualifying threshold.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the initial appointments were made without following any formal recruitment process. Furthermore, the period of service rendered after the formal order of termination, even if permitted to continue by local authorities, cannot be aggregated with the previous service to satisfy the ten-year continuous service threshold.

Issues: Whether the completion of ten years of service justifies regular absorption and whether a period of service rendered after an express order of termination can be counted toward the qualifying period for regularization.

Ratio Decidendi: Regularization is not an absolute right. It is restricted to those appointed against sanctioned posts who have served for at least ten years without the aid of interim court orders. Service rendered after an order of terminal discharge lacks legal efficacy for counting tenure and does not fulfill the requirement of continuous service for regularization purposes.

Result: Writ petitions dismissed.

Table of Content
1. factual background and procedural history of the dispute regarding termination of daily wage employees. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
2. parties' contentions regarding regularization rights vs. valid termination under labor laws. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
3. applicability and interpretation of uma devi and narendra kumar tiwari regarding regularization. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29)
4. application of judicial precedents to the specific acts of back-door entry and termination. (Para 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37)
5. exclusion of post-termination service period for calculating continuous service for regularization. (Para 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44)
6. final order dismissing writ petitions due to lack of merit. (Para 45 , 46)

1. Since both the writ petitions are having common issues, as such, both the writ petitions are being heard together and being disposed of with this common order/judgment.

2. Both the writ petitions have been filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India praying therein the following relief(s):

W.P.(S) No. 221 of 2017:

“That, by this application, the petitioner prays for Writ(s), Order(s), Direction(s) particularly a writ in the nature of Certiorari for quashing of the order contained in letter No.3825 dated 01/12/16 issued by the Respondent Authority under the signature of I.G., Prison whereby and whereunder the petitioner is terminated from his employment as V.C. Operator even without issuing any show cause to him and without affording any opportunity of hearing despite the fact that the petitioner was engaged since 30/06/09 as daily wager against the sanctioned post of V.C. Operator.

And/Or

The petitioner further prays that he may be reinstated in his employment and may be allowed to continue to discharge his duty till the Respondent states goes for regular employment on the abovementioned post of V.C. Operator.

And/Or

Pass such Order/Orders as this Hon’ble Court may think just and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case, doing conscionable justice to the petitioner.”

W.P.(S) No. 339 of 2017

“That, by this application, the petitioner prays for Writ(s), Order(s), Direction(s) particularly a writ in the nature of Certiorari for quashing of the order contained in letter No.3825 dated 01/12/16 issued by the Respondent Authority under the signature of I.G., Prison whereby and whereunder the petitioner is terminated from his employment as Sweeper/Driver even without issuing any show cause to him and without affording any opportunity of hearing despite the fact that the petitioner was engaged since 23/10/06 as daily wager against the sanctioned post of Sweeper & subsequently in the year 2015 he was appointed to post of Driver.

And/Or

The petitioner further prays that he may be reinstated in his employment and may be allowed to continue to discharge his duty till the Respondent states goes for regular employment on the abovementioned post of Sweeper.

And/Or

Pass such Order/Orders as this Hon’ble Court may think just and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case, doing conscionable justice to the petitioner.”

3. The brief facts of both the cases as per the pleading made in the writ petitions needs to be referred herein which is as under.

4. The case of the petitioner is that they had been engaged on daily wages on the sanctioned post of V.C. Operator [petitioner of W.P.(S) No. 221 of 2017] and Sweeper [petitioner of W.P.(S) No. 339 of 2017] in the Sub-Jail at Khunti on 29.07.2009 and 23.10.2006 respectively.

5. It is the case of the petitioners that the service in this regard is like permanent employee. The status report with respect to services of the Daily wager working in jail within state of Jharkhand are regularly furnished by concerned prison to the Office of I.G. Prison. Vide Letter dated 02.06.2012, 14.08.2013, 17.10.2014 & 22.01.2015, the respondent authorities were informed about the emplo

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