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2026 Supreme(Online)(J&K) 549

Sanjay Dhar, J
Marshal Traders – Appellant
Versus
J&K Project Construction Corporation – Respondent
Arb. P No.31/2023



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Z. A. Qureshi, Rehana Fayaz
For the Respondents: Waseem Gull

The jurisdiction of a referral court under Section 11(6) is limited to determining the existence of an arbitration agreement. Unless a claim is ex-facie time-barred or non-arbitrable, issues concerning limitation or the merits of the claim must be left for determination by the Arbitral Tribunal.

Headnote:(A) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - Section 11(6) - Appointment of arbitrator - Referral court jurisdiction - Scope of enquiry is limited to the existence of an arbitration agreement and non-arbitrability - Referral court must refrain from conducting intricate evidentiary enquiries into the merits of the claims (Paras 10, 11, 12, 14).

(B) Limitation Act - Section 14 - Exclusion of time - Claim being time-barred - Determination should be left to the Arbitral Tribunal - Courts should refer disputes to arbitration unless there is no vestige of doubt that the claim is ex-facie time-barred or non-arbitrable (Paras 13, 14, 19).

Facts of the case:
The petitioner approached the court for the appointment of an arbitrator regarding outstanding payments for works executed years ago. A prior writ petition seeking the same relief was dismissed as not maintainable due to the presence of disputed questions of fact. Following the dismissal, the petitioner sought to invoke the arbitration clause. The respondents contended that the claims were stale, time-barred, and non-arbitrable.

Findings of Court:
The court found that its jurisdiction is limited at the referral stage and that it is not appropriate to delve into complex evidentiary questions regarding the limitation of a claim. Since the petitioner was pursuing a remedy in a different forum, the claim could not be deemed ex-facie time-barred. The court held that the question of limitation should be determined by the arbitrator.

Issues: The main issues were whether the petition invoking arbitration was maintainable despite the lapse of time and whether the referral court is authorized to adjudicate the issue of limitation at the pre-referral stage.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that when there is a valid arbitration agreement and any doubt exists regarding the arbitrability or limitation of a claim, the matter must be left to the arbitral tribunal to resolve during the course of the proceedings.

Result: Petition allowed; an independent arbitrator was appointed with a specific mandate to decide the issue of limitation as a preliminary matter.

Table of Content
1. nature of petition and factual history of the arbitration dispute. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. respondent objections regarding maintainability and limitation. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
3. narrow scope of referral court jurisdiction under section 11(6). (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
4. application of limitation exclusion for bona fide legal proceedings. (Para 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
5. appointment of sole arbitrator for merit-based dispute adjudication. (Para 20 , 21)

JUDGMENT

1) The petitioner, through the medium of present petition under Section 11(6) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (for short “the Act of 1996”), has sought appointment of an independent Arbitrator for adjudication of disputes that have arisen between the parties.

2) As per case of the petitioner, pursuant to NIT bearing No.Mech/004 of 2008 dated 24.01.2008, it was allotted the work vide work order No.DGM/Mech/1215-20 dated 22.10.2008 for Drilling of Borewell for exploration of ground water through 500mm Diameter Borehole with ODEX/DTH/Reverse Rotary method at District Hospital, Baramulla and Sub District Hospital, Sopore at a cost of Rs.17,26,250/. It has been submitted that after allotment of the work, the petitioner completed the same and submitted final bill to the respondents for payment.

3) According to the petitioner, the amount in respect of the bills pertaining to works undertaken at District Hospital, Baramulla, was released whereas the amount in respect of the bills relating to works undertaken at Sub-District Hospital, Sopore, was not released by the respondents. It has been further submitted that even 5% of the security deposit of Rs.86,312/ has been retained by the respondents. The amount of unpaid bills in respect of the works executed at Sub-District Hospital, Sopore, is stated to be Rs.10.27 lakhs. It has been submitted that the respondents, despite verification of the works executed at Sub-District Hospital, Sopore, did not release the payment in favour of the petitioner solely on the ground that funds were not available.

4) It has been contended that the petitioner filed a writ petition bearing OWP No.547/2013 before this Court which came to be decided on 21.10.2020 holding that the same is not maintainable. However, it was left open to the petitioner to seek appropriate remedy.

5) According to the petitioner, there is an arbitration clause in the allotment order which provides for resolution of disputes through the mechanism of arbitration by appointment of two Arbitrators, one to be nominated by the Department and the other to be nominated by the petitioner firm. It has been submitted that the petitioner, vide its letter dated 09.11.2022 read with letter dated 15.06.2023, invoked the arbitration clause asking respondent No.1 to appoint the Arbitrator on behalf of the Department. However, when no action was taken by the respondents, the petitioner was compelled to file the present petition.

6) Reply to the petition stands filed by the respondents in which it has been submitted that the previous writ petition filed by the petitioner stands already dismissed by this Court, as such, it cannot again re-agitate the claim. It has been contended that in respect of the works executed by the petitioner at District Hospital, Baramulla, an amount of Rs.13.79 lakhs stands released in its favour. According to the respondents, the petitioner has not executed any work at Sub-District Hospital, Sopore, which is clear from the available records. It has been submitted that after a lapse of four years from the date of issuance of allotment order, the petitioner started asking for payment when the concerned officers had already superannuated from service.

7) According to the respondents, there is no sign of the petitioner having executed the work of Drilling of Borewell at Sub-District Hospital, Sopore, and, as such, it cannot lay claim on the basis of non-existent works. It has been contended that when the petitioner submitted its bills

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