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2025 Supreme(Online)(KAR) 12507

KARNATAKA HIGH COURT
MR. JUSTICE SACHIN SHANKAR MAGADUM, J
SRI. R. CHANDRA – Appellant
Versus
STATE OF KARNATAKA – Respondent
WP 3148 / 2024



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: SRI.KARTHIK V.
For the Respondents: SMT. B.P.RADHA, SRI. N.R.JAGADEESHWARA, SRI. M.L.GOWDA, SRI. HARSHA, PRUTHVI RAJ

Reclassification of 'A' kharab land to 'B' kharab requires adherence to due process, including a proper enquiry and opportunity for the landowner to be heard, as established by judicial precedents.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Articles 226 and 227 - Writ petition challenging land reclassification - Petitioner claimed ownership of land based on registered sale deed and prior government grants - Deputy Commissioner previously recognized petitioner's rights - Subsequent reclassification of land from 'A' kharab to 'B' kharab without due process challenged as arbitrary and mala fide - Court emphasized that reclassification requires proper enquiry and opportunity for landowner to be heard, referencing precedents. (Paras 11, 12, 16, 17)

(B) Natural Justice - Principles - Any administrative action affecting property rights must adhere to principles of natural justice, including notice and opportunity to be heard. (Paras 16, 17)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner claimed ownership of 4 acres 18 guntas of land, including kharab land, asserting title based on a sale deed and government grants. The Deputy Commissioner had previously recognized the petitioner's rights, but subsequent actions by officials sought to reclassify part of the land without due process.

Findings of Court:
The court found the reclassification arbitrary and illegal, affirming the petitioner's established rights over the land.

Issues: The main issues were the legality of the reclassification of land and adherence to due process in administrative actions affecting property rights.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that reclassification of 'A' kharab land to 'B' kharab requires a proper enquiry and opportunity for the landowner to be heard, reinforcing the principle that administrative actions must comply with natural justice.

Result: Writ petition allowed; orders quashed and directions issued to restore the petitioner's rights.

Table of Content
1. petitioner claims ownership of land based on historical documents. (Para 2 , 3)
2. petitioner challenges illegal reclassification of land. (Para 4 , 5)
3. court hears arguments from all parties regarding land rights. (Para 6 , 10)
4. official records confirm petitioner's long-standing land rights. (Para 7 , 8 , 12)
5. reclassification of land requires due process and cannot be arbitrary. (Para 9 , 13 , 14)
6. court finds reclassification motivated by extraneous considerations. (Para 15 , 16)
7. court quashes illegal orders and restores petitioner's land classification. (Para 17 , 18)

C.A.V. ORDER

The captioned petition is filed seeking the following reliefs:

i. Issue a Writ in the nature of certiorari or any other writ or direction quashing the order dated 13.5.2009 in No.LND(Poo)CR:47/07-08 and 21/07-08 passed by the Deputy Commissioner, Bengaluru a copy of which is produced at Annexure-E.

ii. Issue a writ of certiorari or any other writ or direction quashing the order dated 1.9.2023 passed by the Technical Assistant to Deputy Commissioner & Designated D D L R, office of Deputy Commissioner, Kandaya Bhavan, Bengaluru 560 009 a copy of which is produced at Annexure-R.

iii. Grant such other reliefs, as this Hon'ble court deems fit and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case, in the interest of Justice and equity.

2. Petitioner is asserting to be the absolute owner in possession and enjoyment of 4 acres 18 guntas of land including 4 acres 9 guntas of kharab land in Sy.No.26/1. Petitioner traces title based on registered sale deed dated 25.11.2013 obtained from erstwhile owner. Petitioner also claims that originally land to an extent of 5 acres and 4 acres 9 guntas of kharab land was granted to R.K.Muthukrishna in Sy.No.26 of Basavanapura, K.R.Puram Hobli, Bengaluru South vide order dated 30.08.1966. To substantiate the grant and issuance of saguvali chit, petitioner has placed reliance on these documents which are evidenced at Annexures-B and C respectively. Petitioner further claims that granted land was subjected to durasth and the extent was corrected as 4 acres 28 guntas instead of 5 acres along with 4 acres 9 guntas kharab land and the land granted to petitioner's vendor was assigned a fresh Sy.No.26/1 which is evidenced at Annexure-D.

3. The petitioner is aggrieved by the order passed by the Deputy Commissioner dated 13.05.2009, whereby an extent of 1 acre 20 guntas in Survey No.26 was allotted in favour of respondent No.4 – Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) through an Official Memorandum dated 08.07.2009. The petitioner contends that this land formed part of the property in his lawful possession and ownership. In order to challenge this allotment, the petitioner preferred a revision petition before respondent No.2 – the Deputy Commissioner, seeking to establish his title and possession over the land in question as well as other adjoining lands. Pursuant to the said revision, an enquiry was conducted by the Deputy Commissioner, who upon detailed consideration of the records and materials available, passed an order dated 24.11.2015, produced as Annexure-G. In the said order, the Deputy Commissioner unequivocally held that the lands claimed and held by the petitioner were not government lands, thereby recognizing the petitioner's rights over the said property.

4. The petitioner further asserts that, following the Deputy Commissioner's order, the jurisdictional Tahsildar initiated appropriate steps by addressing a communication to the Assistant Director of Land Records, requesting a formal survey of the 1 acre 20 guntas of land in Survey No.26 which had been previously granted to BBMP. While this process was underway, the petitioner was constrained to file a writ petition in W.P. No. 22154/2021 seeking a writ of mandamus to direct the concerned authorities to remove the illegal entries made in the "Sarkari Beedu Banjara" column in the revenue records such as the Karda and Pakka book, which adversely aff

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