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2025 Supreme(Online)(Kar) 38786

THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
Ashok S. Kinagi, J
Venkata Ramaiah – Appellant
Versus
Padma – Respondent
RSA No. 1265 of 2013



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Shanthkumar N.
For the Respondents: Ravikumar B.R., B.S. Krishna

An unregistered partition deed is insufficient to establish a partition when accompanied by suspicious circumstances like the exclusion of heirs. Property inherited by legal heirs devolves under succession law, and daughters as coparceners are entitled to an equal share regardless of prior characterizations of occupancy rights.

Headnote:(A) Hindu Succession Act, 1956 - Section 8 - Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 - Section 6 - Partition suit - Entitlement to share - Unregistered partition deed - Non-allotment of shares to all legal heirs renders an unregistered document unreliable for proving partition. (Para 15)

(B) Evidence of partition - Requirement of clear proof - Suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of an unregistered document, such as the exclusion of a daughter from the partition while unmarried, warrant the rejection of such evidence in a suit for partition. (Para 15)

(C) Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 - Section 2(12) and 24 - Inheritance to property - Class 1 legal heir - Where occupancy rights are granted in favor of the propositus, the property devolves upon legal heirs as per succession laws upon the death of the holder. (Para 17, 18)

Facts of the case:
An individual sought partition and separate possession of properties belonging to her late father. The defendants contended that a prior partition had taken place decades earlier, evidenced by an unregistered deed, and that the daughter was not entitled to a share because the properties were granted occupancy rights under land reform regulations. Both the trial court and the first appellate court rejected the defense and granted the plaintiff an equal share.

Findings of Court:
The court determined that the unregistered partition deed was not a credible document. Specifically, the omission of a daughter from the family arrangement and the lack of contemporaneous mutation of records indicated that the partition did not actually occur. The court further held that properties held by the deceased devolved upon the heirs according to succession law.

Issues: Whether an unregistered partition deed can be relied upon to defeat a partition suit and whether the nature of property acquisition via occupancy rights precludes a daughter from claiming her inheritance.

Ratio Decidendi: An unregistered document for partition is inadmissible or carries no weight when surrounding circumstances, such as the exclusion of rightful heirs, cast doubt upon its authenticity. Furthermore, as a class one legal heir and coparcener, a daughter is entitled to an equal share in the inherited property, and occupancy rights do not negate these succession rights.

Result: Appeal dismissed. Judgments and decrees confirmed.

Table of Content
1. procedural history and factual background of the partition suit. (Para 3)
2. parties' contentions regarding prior partition and the impact of the hindu succession (amendment) act, 2005. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
3. evaluation of evidence regarding alleged partition and inheritance of ancestral property. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
4. applicability of karnataka land reforms act and inheritance rights of legal heirs. (Para 17 , 18)
5. final orders and disposal of the appeal. (Para 19)

RSA FILED UNDER SEC.100 OF CPC., AGAINST THE JUDGMENT AND DECREE DATED 24.4.2013 PASSED IN R.A.NO.333/2010 ON THE FILE OF THE PRL. SESSIONS JUDGE, BANGALORE RURAL DISTRICT, BANGALORE, DISMISSING THE APPEAL FILED AGAINST THE JUDGMENT AND DECREE DATED 3.9.2010 PASSED IN O.S.NO.144/2009 ON THE FILE OF THE SENIOR CIVIL JUDGE & JMFC., NELAMANGALA.

THIS APPEAL, COMING ON FOR ORDERS, THIS DAY, JUDGMENT WAS DELIVERED THEREIN AS UNDER:

ORAL JUDGMENT

This Regular Second Appeal is filed by the appellants challenging the judgment and decree dated 24.04.2013 passed in R.A.No.333/2010 by the learned Prl. District Judge, Bangalore Rural District, Bangalore and the judgment and decree dated 03.09.2010 passed in O.S.No.144/2009 by the learned Senior Civil Judge and JMFC, Nelamangala.

2. For convenience, the parties are referred to, as per their rankings before the trial Court. Appellant No.1 was defendant No.2, appellant Nos.2 to 5 are the legal representatives of defendant No.1. respondent No.1 was the plaintiff and respondent No.2 was defendant No. 3.

3. Brief facts, leading rise to the filing of this appeal, are as follows:

The plaintiff filed suit against the defendants for partition and separate possession. It is the case of the plaintiff that Gangaiah was the original propositus. He had four children. The plaintiff and defendant No.3 are the daughters, and defendant Nos.1 and 2 are the sons of Gangaiah. It is contended that he was the absolute owner of the properties measuring 5 acres 17 guntas, bearing Sy.No.2 situated at Kodipalya village, Dasanapura Hobli, Bangalore and the other suit properties. The plaintiff was not given any share in the suit schedule properties. It is contended that to deprive the legitimate right of the plaintiff. The other defendants have executed a sale deed in favour of defendant No.3. Till the death of Gangaiah, Gangaiah was in peaceful possession and enjoyment of the suit schedule properties. It is contended that the plaintiff and the defendants are members of the Hindu undivided joint family and the suit schedule properties are the joint family properties of the plaintiff and the defendants, and no partition is effected. The plaintiff demanded partition and separate possession, but the defendants refused to effect a partition. Hence, a cause of action arose for the plaintiff to file a suit for partition and separate possession. Accordingly, prays to award 1/4th share to the plaintiff.

3.1. The defendants filed a common written statement contending that the suit schedule A and B properties were cultivated by late Gangaiah since 1940 as a tenant under the landlord, as the said lands were inam lands. After advent of the Inam Abolition Act, Gangaiah got registered himself as an occupant of the said lands. The Mysore Revenue Appellate Tribunal vide order dated 24.07.1970 registered Gangaiah as an occupant of the suit A and B properties. Defendant Nos.1 and 2 were cultivating the suit schedule properties along with Gangaiah jointly. Defendant No.2 constructed a residential house in suit schedule properties out of his earnings. 'B' schedule property bearing Sy.No.1/4 measuring 9 guntas do not have a residential house on it. During the lifetime of Gangaiah, he effected a partition between defendant Nos.1 and 2. Based on the partition, Panchayat Parikath was executed in between defendant Nos.1 and 2 on 05.05.1975. Based on the Panchayat Parikath, the names of defendant Nos.1 and 2 were entered in the revenue records. It i

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