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2026 Supreme(Online)(Kar) 8152

THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
Hanchate Sanjeevkumar, J
K. Ganesh – Appellant
Versus
Govind Reddy – Respondent
RP No. 587 of 2025



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Arun B. M.
For the Respondents: Sunil Kumar H., Parushuram Ajjampur

In a partition suit, a court may order the reservation of specific property shares to prevent an eventual decree from becoming effectively unenforceable, especially when potential mass alienation of property during litigation threatens the rights of co-sharers, regardless of the doctrine of lis pendens.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order 47 Rule 1 - Review jurisdiction - Principles reiterated - A review petition is maintainable when there is discovery of new evidence, error apparent on the face of the record, or any other sufficient reason - It cannot be an appeal in disguise or a rehearing of the matter on merits. (Paras 6, 7 and 14)

(B) Transfer of Property Act, 1882 - Section 52 - Doctrine of lis pendens - Scope and limitations - While the doctrine ensures proceedings are not frustrated by alienations, it acts as a weak shield in partition suits involving multiple third-party purchasers of apartment units - Court has discretionary power to impose conditions, including reservation of specific shares, to ensure that a future decree is not rendered a mere 'paper decree'. (Paras 14, 16, 19, 27 and 29)

(C) Partition Suit - Recurring cause of action - Withdrawal and fresh filing - The right to sue for partition is an inherent incident of co-ownership; a previous withdrawal of a suit for partition does not bar a subsequent suit as the cause of action is recurring/continuous until severance is effected. (Paras 18, 23 and 30)

(D) Professional Conduct - Advocacy - Lawyers are officers of the court and must maintain decorum - Arguments must not be threatening or intimidatory aiming to browbeat the court into favorable orders; such conduct undermines the administration of justice. (Paras 45, 46 and 48)

Facts of the case:
Review petitioners (defendants in the original suit) challenged a previous appellate order that modified an injunction by reserving a 1/4th share for the plaintiffs and a co-sharer defendant. The petitioners argued the order was erroneous, alleging suppression of facts by the plaintiffs and asserting that the suit was an abuse of process due to a prior withdrawn suit and the existence of joint development agreements excluding the respondents.

Findings of Court:
The Court held that the exclusion of certain family members from development agreements prima facie indicated an attempt to deprive them of their legitimate shares. The Court emphasized that for vulnerable co-sharers, the bare protection of Section 52 of the T.P. Act is insufficient to prevent the frustration of a future decree, thus justifying the reservation of shares.

Issues: Whether the appellate order contained an error apparent on the face of the record and whether the reservation of specific shares constituted an abuse of the court's process.

Ratio Decidendi: A court has the inherent power to pass interim orders in partition suits to ensure that a final decree results in a substantial, rather than merely theoretical, benefit. When the conduct of parties indicates a tactical deprivation of co-owners' rights and the potential for a proliferation of litigation against numerous third-party buyers, the court can deviate from minimal protections to secure the fruits of a potential decree.

Result: Review petition dismissed with costs.

Table of Content
1. nature of review petition and previous orders. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. parties argument on suppression of facts and misconduct. (Para 4 , 8 , 9)
3. scope of judicial review under order 47 cpc. (Para 6 , 7)
4. exclusion of co-sharers and potential deprivation of rights. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
5. protection of pending suit rights and preventing paper decrees. (Para 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
6. scope and limitations of section 52 transfer of property act. (Para 27 , 28 , 29)
7. recurring cause of action in partition suits. (Para 30 , 31)
8. ethical duties of advocates and maintaining court decorum. (Para 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48)

CAV ORDER

This review petition is filed by the review petitioners, who are defendants No.5 and 19 in O.S.No.4625/2025 challenging the order dated 17.09.2025 passed by the Court of XXIV Additional City Civil and Sessions Judge, Bangalore City (C.C.H.No.6). The review petitioners were the appellants in MFA No.7416/2025, which was disposed of by this Court on 05.11.2025. The review petitioners have preferred this petition seeking review of the order dated 05.11.2025 passed by this Court in MFA No.7416/2025.

2. The appeal filed by the review petitioners in MFA No.7416/2025 was allowed in part by modifying the order dated 17.09.2025 passed in O.S.No.4625/2025 on I.A.Nos.1 and 2 filed under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 of CPC. This Court directed that the appellants in MFA No.7416/2025, who are defendants No.5 and 19 in O.S.No.4625/2025 shall reserve 1/4th share in all the suit schedule properties in the name of plaintiffs and defendant No.25. The appellants/defendants were permitted to utilize other remaining respective shares and were further directed to furnish the details of apartments constructed over suit Item Nos.8 and 9 and to submit such particulars before the Trial Court, as ordered in MFA No.7416/2025.

3. Being aggrieved by the direction to reserve 1/4th share in the name of plaintiffs and defendant No.25, the present review petition is filed. According to the review petitioners, there ought not to have been any direction to reserve 1/4th share in favour of plaintiffs and defendant No.25.

4. This review petition is filed by raising various grounds, which are summarized as follows:

4.1 This Court has not taken note of the conduct of plaintiff No.1/respondent No.1 and defendant No.25/respondent No.25;

4.2 That the defendant No.25 had filed suit earlier in O.S.No.2085/2021 and was unsuccessful in obtaining interim order of injunction and in the meantime, the respondents No.1 and 2 herein have filed suit in O.S.No.4625/2025 and in this suit, the plaintiff in O.S.No.2085/2021 is arrayed as defendant No.25 and later on, defendant No.25 has withdrawn the said suit OS.No.2085/2021;

4.3 It is contended that the above fact was suppressed in the subsequent suit in O.S.No.4625/2025. According to the review petitioners, such suppression amounts to misconduct on the part of plaintiffs and defendant No.25. It is further contended that filing of O.S.No.2085/2021 and O.S.No.4625/2025 seeking partition of the suit properties amounts to abuse of process of Court. Further, the review petitioners also contend that this Court while passing the order in MFA No.7416/2025 failed to extract and properly consider the relevant paragraphs of the judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Mandali Ranganna And Others vs. T Ramachandra And Others , ((2008) 11 SCC 1), regarding conduct of parties while considering grant of equitable relief of temporary injunction;

4.4 It is further contended that this Court erred in reserving 1/4th share in favour of plaintiffs and defendant No.25 despite there being an inordinate delay of 12 years in challenging the joint development agreement dated 08.08.2013. According to the review petitioners, permitting such reservation despite the delay constitutes an error apparent on the face of the record;

4.5 Further, the review petitioners contend that there is an error apparent on the face of record,

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