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2026 Supreme(Online)(Kar) 19834

THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
K.S. Hemalekha, J
Roshan Rai – Appellant
Versus
State Of Karnataka – Respondent
WP No. 4323 of 2026



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: K Ravishankar
For the Respondents: B T Koller, Srinivas Raghavan, Rishabha Raj Thakur

The alignment of high-tension electricity transmission lines is a technical determination falling within the domain of experts and public authorities. Private landowners cannot obstruct such projects on the ground of alternative routes; their remedy is limited to seeking statutory compensation under the law of eminent domain.

Headnote:(A) Electricity Act, 2003 - Sections 68 and 164 - Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 - Sections 10 and 16 - High tension transmission lines - Authority to install overhead lines - Right to property - Public purpose - Doctrine of eminent domain - Compensation - The act of installing transmission lines for public purpose falls under the domain of technical expertise and the prerogative of the sovereign - Private interest in land ownership must yield to the larger public interest of providing electricity infrastructure. (Paras 6, 8, 14, 15)

(B) Administrative Law - Judicial Review - Interference in technical decisions - Courts lack the technical expertise to determine the alignment of transmission lines unless manifest arbitrariness, mala fides, or violation of statutory procedure is demonstrated - Alignment is a matter for technical experts and grid requirements. (Paras 5, 8, 10, 15)

(C) Principles of Res Judicata - Repeated challenges to the same project by different parties or successive petitions on identical grounds are barred - Once a legislative policy is laid down and necessary approvals granted for a public project, the scope for individual interference is limited to seeking compensation under statutory provisions. (Paras 5, 10, 11)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, a landowner, challenged an order passed by the district authority that rejected objections against the drawing of a high-voltage transmission line across the petitioner’s private property. The petitioner suggested alternative alignments through adjacent government land. Previous judicial orders concerning the same project had affirmed the validity of technical approvals granted under the statutory framework, relegating the claimants to seek compensation for user rights rather than injunctions against the project.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the authorities had acted in accordance with the law and that the requirement under the governing statute to consider objections had been fulfilled. It held that the landowner has no right to demand a specific alignment or obstruct the project, as the authority is empowered to enter land without consent, subject to the payment of compensation.

Issues: The primary issues were whether the court could interfere with the technical alignment fixed by the project authorities and whether the petitioner had a right to obstruct the project based on the preference for an alternative route.

Ratio Decidendi: Determinations regarding the path of high-voltage transmission lines are technical in nature. Courts lack the expertise to substitute these decisions. Since the project is for a public purpose, individual property rights are subject to the doctrine of eminent domain, and the remedy for the landowner is limited to seeking compensation for the right of user rather than preventing the infrastructure work.

Result: Writ petition dismissed as devoid of merits, with liberty granted to the petitioner to pursue compensation remedies.

Table of Content
1. overview of parties, background facts, and the nature of the dispute. (Para 1 , 2)
2. petitioner's contention regarding procedural non-compliance and alternative alignment. (Para 3 , 4)
3. respondent's assertion regarding finality of project and technical domain of authority. (Para 5 , 6)
4. scope of judicial review on technical alignments and statutory powers under electricity/telegraph acts. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
5. final order dismissing writ petition with liberty to seek compensation. (Para 16)

THIS WP IS FILED UNDER ARTICLES 226 AND 227 OF CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PRAYING TO ISSUE A WRIT OF CERTIORARI AND QUASH THE IMPUGNED ORDER DATED 27/01/2026 PASSED BY THE 2ND RESPONDENT BEARING NO. MAG(5)CR:47/2025/968884/C6 (PRODUCED VIDE ANNEXURE M) TO THE WRIT PETITION.

THIS PETITION, COMING ON FOR ORDERS, THIS DAY, ORDER WAS MADE THEREIN AS UNDER:

CORAM: HON'BLE MRS. JUSTICE K.S. HEMALEKHA

ORAL ORDER

The present writ petition is filed seeking to quash the impugned order dated 27.01.2026 passed by respondent No.2-Deputy Commissioner, whereby the objection of the petitioner against drawing of 400 KV high tension transmission line through his property has been rejected and permission has been granted to proceed with the project.

Brief facts:

2. The petitioner claims to be the absolute owner of the converted land bearing Survey No.416/4 and 416/6, measuring 2131.64 square meters situated at Vittal Village, Bantwal Taluk, acquired under a registered sale deed dated 15.05.2023. The lands were duly converted for non-agricultural use and a single site approval plan and building licence have also been obtained and construction of the commercial building has commenced. Subsequently, it is stated that the respondents propose to draw 400 KV overhead transmission lines across his property as part of the Udupi-Kasargod Road project. The petitioner filed objection and suggested alternative alignment through adjacent government land and other available properties. It is stated that earlier in W.P. No.21589/2025, this Court directed the petitioner to participate in the proceedings before the competent authority. Pursuant thereto, the petitioner filed detailed objections and documents before respondent No.2-Deputy Commissioner. However, by the impugned order dated 27.01.2026 the objections were rejected and approval was granted to proceed with the project.

3. Learned counsel for the petitioner contends that the impugned order is contrary to Section 10 (1) (d) and Section 16 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, which mandate causing minimal damage and considering objections independently. It is submitted that the authority failed to consider a feasible alternative alignment, despite the availability of adjacent government land and the consent of other landowners. Learned counsel submits that respondent No.2-Deputy Commissioner has misdirected himself by relying on the earlier proceedings and wrongfully concluded that the issue stood concluded. Learned counsel further submits that the findings that the towers has already been installed are factually incorrect, as the project has not commenced in the vicinity.

4. In support of his contention, learned counsel has placed reliance on decisions to contend that the respondents are required to strictly adhere to the procedure prescribed under the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 and obtain adjudication by the competent authority before proceeding further.

i. Sri Ramesh and others Vs. Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Ltd., and another 1W.P. No.17052/2013 c/w W.P. No.31847-31892/2013 D.D. 14.08.2017 (Ramesh), whereby the writ petitions were disposed of, reserving liberty to the petitioners to approach the KPTCL and directing the authority to proceed in accordance with law under Section 16 of the Indian Telegraph Act.

ii. Smt. Khushboo Bansal Vs. The Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited and others 2W.P. No.25137/2023 D.D. 28.11.2023 (Khushboo Bansal) wherein t

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