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2026 Supreme(Online)(Kar) 22904

THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA
S.R.Krishna Kumar, J
Tharanath S. Rathod – Appellant
Versus
State Of Karnataka – Respondent
WP No. 11135 of 2026



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Puttige R. Ramesh, Srikanth A.
For the Respondents: Spoorthy Hegde, AGA

The sealed cover procedure for promotion can only be invoked once a formal charge-memo in disciplinary proceedings or a charge-sheet in criminal prosecution has been served. Pendency of mere preliminary investigations or allegations does not satisfy the legal requirement to withhold an employee's promotion.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Articles 226 and 227 - Service Law - Promotion - Sealed cover procedure - Whether disciplinary proceedings pending against an employee can be a ground to deny consideration for promotion despite the absence of a charge-sheet or initiation of formal proceedings - Held, disciplinary proceedings cannot be said to contemplate initiation until a charge-memo is issued to the employee - Pendency of preliminary investigation does not justify the adoption of the sealed cover procedure - If an individual is recommended for promotion, the sealed cover procedure may only be invoked if one of the specified circumstances exist, such as suspension, issuance of a charge-sheet, or pending criminal prosecution - Promotion cannot be withheld merely on the ground of pendency of preliminary allegations. (Paras 5, 9, 16, 17, 21)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner is an employee who sought promotion to a higher grade. Although the petitioner was in the zone of consideration, the administrative authority refused to consider the case for promotion, citing the pendency of a departmental enquiry. The petitioner challenged this action, contending that no formal charge-sheet had been issued at the relevant time, thereby making the denial of promotional consideration and the adoption of the sealed cover procedure illegal.

Findings of Court:
The court held that the authorities erred in refusing to consider the petitioner for promotion. The legal position is settled that initiation of disciplinary proceedings for the purpose of the sealed cover procedure requires the issuance of a charge-memo. Since no formal charge was pending against the petitioner at the relevant time, the authorities were directed to conduct the promotional process and keep the result in a sealed cover, while simultaneously directing the completion of the pending disciplinary inquiry within a fixed timeframe.

Issues: The main issues were whether the pendency of preliminary investigations or informal disciplinary inquiries constitutes a valid ground to deny consideration for promotion, and whether the respondent was justified in applying the sealed cover procedure without a formal charge-memo having been served.

Ratio Decidendi: Disciplinary proceedings are deemed to commence only upon the issuance of a formal charge-memo. Any attempt to withhold promotion or apply the sealed cover procedure based merely on preliminary allegations or ongoing investigations, without a formal charge-sheet, violates the employee's rights and established service jurisprudence. The employer must proceed with the promotional evaluation, and if a penalty is later imposed, the consequences follow; however, the initial consideration cannot be denied based on unverified allegations.

Result: Petition allowed. Respondents directed to consider the petitioner for promotion via sealed cover procedure within three months and complete the departmental enquiry within six months.

Table of Content
1. procedural history and factual background leading to the current petition. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. parties' contentions regarding the applicability of the sealed cover procedure during pending departmental enquiries. (Para 5 , 6)
3. analysis of supreme court precedents regarding sealed cover procedure and initiation of disciplinary proceedings. (Para 7 , 8)
4. court order mandating the sealed cover procedure and setting a timeline for completing departmental enquiries. (Para 9 , 10)

THIS W.P. IS FILED UNDER ARTICLES 226 & 227 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PRAYING TO QUASHING AND SETTING ASIDE THE IMPUGNED ENDORSEMENT DATED 02.12.2025 PASSED BY THE 2ND RESPONDENT, PRODUCED HEREIN AS ANNEXURE-E, BEING ILLEGAL, ARBITRARY, NON-SPEAKING, AND CONTRARY TO THE DIRECTIONS OF THIS HONBLE COURT IN W.P.NO.32863/2025 AND ETC.,

THIS PETITION, COMING ON FOR PRELIMINARY HEARING, THIS DAY, ORDER WAS MADE THEREIN AS UNDER:

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE S.R.KRISHNA KUMAR

ORAL ORDER

In this petition, petitioner seeks the following reliefs:

(a) Issue a Writ of Certiorari or any other appropriate writ, order or direction, quashing and setting aside the impugned endorsement dated 02.12.2025 passed by the 2nd Respondent, produced herein as Annexure-E, being illegal, arbitrary, non-speaking and contrary to the directions of this Hon’ble Court in W.P.No.32863/2025;

(b) Issue a Writ of Mandamus directing the Respondents, and in particulars Respondent No.3 being the Appointing Authority, to forthwith convence the DPC Proceedings consider the Petitioner’s case for promotion to the post of Superintending Engineer in accordance with the Sealed Cover Procedure as mandated by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Union of India v. K.V. Janakiraman (1991) 4 SCC 109, and pass appropriate orders within 4 weeks from the date of receipt of the certified copy of this order.”

2. Heard learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner and learned AGA for the respondents and perused the material on record.

3. A perusal of the material on record will indicate that the petitioner being an Executive Engineer (Head Quarters and Technical Services), Khanija Bhavan, Bangalore approached this Court in W.P.No.32863/2025, which was disposed of vide final order dated 05.11.2025 as hereunder:

“After arguing the matter for some time, learned counsel for the petitioner filed a memo seeking leave of this Court to withdraw the writ petition with a liberty to file a fresh representation to the respondents.

2. The memo is placed on record.

3. Accordingly, the writ petition is dismissed as withdrawn with the aforesaid liberty.

4. Liberty is reserved to the petitioner to submit a representation to the respondents within 30 days from the date of receipt of the copy of this order. If such a representation is made by the petitioner, the respondents are directed to consider the representation of the petitioner and pass an appropriate order in accordance with law within 15 days from the date of receipt of the copy of the representation.”

4. In pursuance of the said order passed by this Court, the petitioner having submitted a representation at Annexure - D dated 17.11.2025, the respondent No.2 proceeded to issue the impugned communication refusing to consider the request of the petitioner for promotion on the ground that there was no provision and that departmental enquiry was pending against the petitioner and as such, petitioner is before this Court by way of the present petition.

5. Learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submits that notwithstanding the fact that the departmental enquiry is said to be pending against the petitioner, in the light of the principles laid down by the Hon’ble Apex Court in the cases of Union of India and Ors., Vs. K.V.Janakiraman and Ors – (1991) 4 SCC 109, and Union of India and Ors Vs. Anil Kumar Sarkar(2013) 4 SCC 161, there is no impediment for the respondents to consider the request of the petitioner for grant of promotion and the sealed cover procedur

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