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2025 Supreme(Online)(Ker) 57684

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
BASANT BALAJI TH, J
M/S. SARK SPICE PRODUCTS PVT. LTD. – Appellant
Versus
RESERVE BANK OF INDIA – Respondent


Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: SMT. MARIA NEDUMPARA, SHRI.SHAMEEM FAYIZ V.P, SHRI.ROY PALLIKOODAM
For the Respondents: SRI.MILLU DANDAPANI, SHRI.SUNIL SHANKER, SHRI.BENRAJ K.R., CGC, SMT.VIDYA GANGADHARAN, SHRI.THOMAS GLAISON

Judgement Key Points

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006, particularly Section 9, empowers notifications establishing frameworks for revival and rehabilitation of MSMEs, including identification of incipient stress in accounts before classification as non-performing assets (NPAs).[judgement_act_referred] (!) (!) [6][18][23]

A key development underscores complementary obligations: while banks must identify stress using authenticated, verifiable MSME registration materials, MSMEs bear a duty to proactively notify banks with supporting documents (e.g., affidavits) prior to NPA classification to access benefits. (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) [19][21][22][23]

MSMEs cannot belatedly claim protections after NPA declaration, Section 13(2) SARFAESI notice issuance, or initiation of recovery proceedings, as this constitutes misuse of process; timely assertion is mandatory, harmonizing MSMED frameworks with SARFAESI enforcement.[6] (!) [18] (!) [19] (!) [20] (!) (!) (!) [21][22][23][25]

This aligns MSMED revival mechanisms with debt recovery statutes, permitting simultaneous proceedings under SARFAESI and RDB Acts without election of remedies.[judgement_act_referred][14][17]

Failure to substantiate MSME status at critical pre-NPA stages precludes later relief, emphasizing vigilance and clean hands in litigation. (!) [23][24][25]


Table of Content
1. overview of case and procedural background. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. petitioners argue against bank's actions. (Para 6)
3. respondents challenge writ maintainability. (Para 7)
4. history of previous petitions and outcomes. (Para 8 , 9)
5. legal standards and principles governing res judicata. (Para 10)
6. abuse of process in filing repetitive petitions. (Para 11 , 12)
7. legality of concurrent proceedings under sarfaesi and rdb acts. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
8. obligation of msmes under the revival framework. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
9. msme guidelines and their implications on npa classification. (Para 20 , 21 , 22)
10. conclusion barring relief claims due to previous litigations. (Para 23 , 24 , 25)

JUDGMENT

(Dated this the 18th day of December 2025)

The first petitioner is a registered Private Limited Company, under the MSMED Act, 2006, and the second petitioner is the Chairman and Managing Director of the first petitioner. The Respondent nos.2 and 3 Bank offered certain loan facilities to the petitioners. The 4th respondent is the Authorized Officer of the 2nd respondent Bank.

2. According to the petitioners, the Bank initiated proceedings under Sec.19 of the Recovery of Debts

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