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2026 Supreme(Online)(Ker) 3396

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
MR. RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V, MR. K. V. JAYAKUMAR, JJ
PERUMAL – Appellant
Versus
STATE OF KERALA – Respondent
CRL.A NO. 1182 OF 2019 | SC NO. 594 OF 2018



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: SRI.K.V.SABU, SMT.A.R.REEJA
For the Respondents: SMT.AMBIKA DEVI S, SPL.G.P.

Circumstantial evidence must provide an unbroken chain of events pointing to guilt, excluding reasonable doubt, particularly where motive is absent.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302, 201, 324, and 326 - Appeal against conviction - Appellant found guilty of murder and other offences, sentenced to life imprisonment - The prosecution's case relied on circumstantial evidence of the accused last seen with the deceased and weapon recovery - Significant omissions and contradictions in witness testimonies questioned the credibility of evidence. (Paras 52, 70, 72)

(B) Principles of circumstantial evidence - The chain of circumstantial evidence must be complete and exclude any reasonable doubt - Prosecution failed to prove motive and lacked conclusive evidence linking the accused to the crime. (Paras 55, 60, 74)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was alleged to have murdered the deceased on 01.07.2015, following a tumultuous relationship. The prosecution alleged that the accused killed the victim and concealed her body; however, the evidence presented lacked consistency and credibility. (Paras 3, 54)

Findings of Court:
The court found the prosecution's evidence insufficient to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt; therefore, the accused was acquitted of all charges. (Paras 70, 74)

Issues: Whether the circumstantial evidence is sufficient to establish guilt, and whether motive for the murder was adequately proven. (Paras 54, 70)

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the requirement for a complete chain of evidence that invariably points to the guilt of the accused, highlighting the prosecution's failure to eliminate reasonable doubt. (Paras 72, 74)

Result: The appeal was allowed, and the acquittal of the accused was ordered.

Table of Content
1. details of the crime and victim's background. (Para 3 , 4 , 5)
2. police investigation and evidence collection. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
3. initial court procedures and defendant's plea. (Para 10)
4. defendant's arguments against conviction. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
5. prosecution's response to defense arguments. (Para 15)
6. witness testimonies regarding last seen and evidence. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
7. cross-examination findings and credibility of testimony. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)
8. inconsistencies in auto driver witnesses' statements. (Para 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30)
9. chopper's recovery and witness verification. (Para 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35)
10. autopsy findings on the cause of death. (Para 36 , 37 , 38 , 39)
11. family background and victim's relationship dynamics. (Para 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49)
12. defence arguments regarding motives. (Para 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55)
13. legal precedents on the importance of motive. (Para 56 , 57 , 58 , 59)
14. circumstantial evidence requirements for conviction. (Para 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64)
15. issues with the evidential chain. (Para 65 , 66 , 67 , 68)
16. court's determination of reasonable doubt and acquittal. (Para 69 , 70 , 71)
17. final judgment and acquittal order. (Para 72 , 73 , 74)

JUDGMENT

K. V. Jayakumar, J.

This appeal, filed under Section 374 (2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure , is preferred by the sole accused in S.C. No. 594 of 2018 on the files of the Additional Sessions Judge-II, North Paravur, who was charged with having committed offences punishable under Sections 302 , 201, 324 and 326 of the Indian Penal Code .

2. By the judgment under challenge, the appellant was found guilty of the offences punishable under Section 302 IPC and was sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of ₹75,000/- with a default clause. He was also sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of seven years and to pay a fine of ₹5,000/- with a default clause, for the offence punishable under Section 326 . The appellant was also sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for two years under Section 324 .

Prosecution case:

3. The crux of the prosecution allegation is that, on 01.07.2015 at about 2 p.m., in the compound of Recca Valley Club, Kakkanad, the appellant, Perumal, had hacked on the neck of the deceased Jayalakshmi with a chopper and committed her murder. The prosecution further alleges that in order to destroy the evidence, the accused had hid the dead body of Jayalakshmi inside the bushes.

4. The prosecution further alleges that the accused and the deceased, Jayalakshmi, are hailing from Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu. The deceased Jayalakshmi is married and had three children. Her husband abandoned her. While the deceased was working in a shop, the accused and the deceased fell in deep love and the deceased eloped with the accused and came to Vazhakala in Kakkanad and stayed in the rented house of PW3, C.R. Murukan.

5. The police identified the body of the deceased Jayalakshmi only on the next day ie., 02.07.2015. After the incident, the accused absconded for about two years.

The Registration of FIR and the Investigation

6. On the basis of Ext.P1 FIS lodged by PW1, Shaji, PW16, K.K.Madhavan, registered Ext.P10 FIR under Section 174 of the Code of Criminal Procedure . Thereafter, he visited the place of occurrence in the Recca Valley compound, wherein he found the dead body of a lady lying in the grass and bushes near the road. The lady was wearing a saree and blouse. He has noted a wound on the neck below the right ear on her body.

7. PW20, C. J. Martin, took up the investigation on 02.07.2015 and visited the place of occurrence along with the Scientific Assistant. He conducted the inquest of the body and prepared Ext.P2 inquest report. He has noted a large gaping wound on the right side of the neck below the ear. The body was lying in a supine position.

8. PW20 recovered the dresses and ornaments found on the body as per Ext.P7

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