Prosecution for tax arrears requires exhaustion of statutory remedies before criminal charges can be initiated.

O R D E R

Dated this the 09^th day of February, 2026 The petitioner is the accused in S.T. No.108/2019 on the file of the Court of the Judicial First Class Magistrate-I, Kasaragod (‘Trial Court’ for short), which has been registered on the basis of a private complaint filed by the first respondent alleging the commission of an offence punishable under Section 210 of the Kerala Panchayat Raj Act (‘Act’, for brevity) read with Rule 27 of the Kerala Panchayat Raj (Taxation, Levy and Appeal) Rules (‘Rules’, in short).

2. The gist of the allegations in Annexure A3 complaint is that; the petitioner is liable to pay Rs.20,101/- as arrears of tax for the period from 2018-2019 to the 1^st respondent, which they have deliberately defaulted in payment. Thus, the petitioner has committed the above offences.

3. I have heard the learned counsel appearing for the petitioner, the learned Standing Counsel for the first respondent and the learned Public Prosecutor.

4. The learned counsel for the petitioner submits that, even if the allegations in Annexure A3 private complaint are taken on their face value, the same would not attract the offence alleged against the petitioner. He relies on the order in Crl.M.C.No.6229/2025 passed by this Court in an identical matter, wherein this Court has held that, unless the statutory remedies available to the first respondent under Section 210 of the Act are exhausted, a prosecution cannot be launched. It was without resorting to the above course for recovery of the alleged arrears as contemplated under Section 210 of the Act, that the prosecution has been launched, which is premature and unsustainable in law. Therefore, the petitioner may be given the benefit of the law laid down in Crl.M.C.No.6229/2025, and the entire proceedings may be quashed.

5. The learned Standing Counsel for the first respondent and the learned Public Prosecutor oppose the Crl.M.C. They submit that there is no legal bar for the first respondent to independently prosecute the complaint against the petitioner. This Court may not embark upon a mini trial and terminate the prosecution due to the alternative statutory remedy. Hence, the Crl.M.C. may be dismissed.

6. The principle contention of the petitioner is that, in view of Section 210 of the Act, the first respondent ought to have first taken steps to issue a distraint warrant for recovery of the money before initiating the prosecution.

7. In the above context, it is profitable to refer to Section 210 of the Act, which reads as follows:

"210. Recovery of arrears of tax, cess etc.- Any arrear of cess, rate, surcharge or tax imposed or fees levied under this Act shall be recoverable as an arrear of public revenue under the law relating to the recovery of arrears of public revenue for the time being in force:

Provided that the Secretary of a Village Panchayat may directly recover by distraint, under his warrant, and sale of movable properties of the defaulter subject to such rules as may be prescribed: Provided further that, if for any reason the distraint or a sufficient distraint of a defaulter's property is impracticable, the Secretary may prosecute the defaulter before a Magistrate".

8. A plain reading of the above section unambiguously reveals that a distraint warrant has to be issued to the defaulter to recover the arrears payable to the Panchayat. It is only when the recovery proceedings become futile, a criminal prosecution can be launched.

9. The two cardinal conditions for initiating a prosecution are:

(i) The distraint warrant should be issued against the accused, and (ii) The distraint warrant should be unsuccessful.

10. In the above context it is also a