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2026 Supreme(Online)(Ker) 14105

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
SATHISH NINAN, P. KRISHNA KUMAR, JJ
AMBILY VENUGOPAL – Appellant
Versus
DEVARAJAN.P. – Respondent


Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: SHRI.P.B.KRISHNAN (SR.), SRI.SABU GEORGE
For the Respondents: SHRI.K.V.SOHAN, SMT.SREEJA SOHAN K.

Judgement Key Points

In a suit for recovery of debt, a written acknowledgment signed by the debtor explicitly admitting the outstanding balance from a prior loan, without qualifiers like "subject to accounts," was held sufficient to create fresh limitation and prove subsisting liability, corroborated by bank statements showing no repayments. (!) (!)

A typed letter from the defendant referencing "the loan of Rs. X dated Y" and stating "I acknowledge the debt and agree to settle," executed within limitation, was admitted as valid evidence despite lacking full transaction details, as oral evidence confirmed the context and defendant's conduct repudiated denial claims. (!) (!) (!)

Where a receipt for partial payment towards "previous dues" was challenged as vague, the court ruled it ineffective for extending limitation due to absence of specific reference to the debt's amount or date, emphasizing need for clear identification to prevent ambiguity. (!) (!)

A promissory note renewing an old debt, signed post-limitation expiry but referring precisely to the original loan documents, was deemed a valid acknowledgment only because it unqualifiedly admitted liability and was supported by witness testimony on execution. (!) (!)

Handwritten chits acknowledging "balance due on account of money borrowed earlier" gained evidentiary weight when matched with prior cheques and the debtor's cross-examination admissions, despite informality, upholding the plaintiff's claim. (!) (!) (!)


P.Krishna Kumar, J.

The defendant in a suit for recovery of money is the appellant. By the judgment impugned in this appeal, the learned Sub Judge decreed the suit for ₹51,00,000/- with interest at 6% per annum.

2. For the sake of convenience, the parties are hereinafter referred to as they were arrayed in the suit. According to the plaintiff, he lent money to the defendant at the request of her husband, who was closely acquainted with him. The money was required for the purchase of agricultural land and vehicles such as a JCB, tipper lorry and a car. On 13.07.2007, the defendant received ₹7,00,000/- as evidenced by Ext.A4 receipt. Thereafter, ₹21,00,000/- was paid to her on 01.08.2007. Further sums of ₹3,00,000/- and ₹7,00,000/- were paid on 03.08.2008 and 25.10.2008 respectively. It is further alleged that Ext.A5 letter was issued acknowledging receipt of the latter three payments. During the period from April 2007 to October 2008, the plaintiff also transferred ₹8,29,000/- to the defendant through UAE Exchange (Exts.A9 to A37). Thus, according to the plaintiff, a total amount of ₹46,29,000/- was paid to the defendant. He further stated that he mobilised the said amount from his o

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