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2026 Supreme(Online)(Ker) 68006

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
A. Badharudeen, J
MOHANAN – Appellant
Versus
STATE OF KERALA – Respondent
CRL.A 451/2011



Important Points

Conviction under Section 308 IPC is sustainable if a vital organ is repeatedly attacked, signifying knowledge that the act could cause death, regardless of the injury's nature. Non-recovery of the weapon does not vitiate the case if oral and medical evidence is credible.

Subject

Criminal Law - Offences Against Human Body

Act Referred

Headnote

(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 308 and 324 - Attempt to commit culpable homicide and voluntarily causing hurt - Beating a vital organ (head) repeatedly with a wooden stick indicates knowledge that such an act could result in death - The nature of the injury alone is not the decisive factor when considering the intention or knowledge contemplated under Section 308 IPC (Paras 16, 19, 20).

(B) Criminal Law - Evidence - Non-recovery of weapon - Mere non-recovery of the weapon used in the commission of the offence is insufficient to discard the prosecution case when the testimony of the injured person is credible, supported by eye-witnesses, and corroborated by medical evidence (Para 21).

Facts of the case:
The accused was charged with beating a neighbor on the head with a wooden stick, causing injury. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 308 and 324 of the IPC and sentenced him to simple imprisonment for two years and a fine. On appeal, the accused contended that since the medical evidence described the injury as simple and the weapon was not recovered, the conviction under Section 308 IPC was unsustainable and the offence should at most be under Section 324 IPC.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the evidence of the injured witness and other witnesses was consistent. The medical evidence corroborated that the injury could have been caused by a wooden stick. The court held that beating a person on a vital part of the body, such as the head, repeatedly indicates the necessary knowledge required for a conviction under Section 308 IPC.

Issues: Whether the evidence substantiated the ingredients for offences under Sections 308 and 324 of the IPC, specifically regarding the knowledge of the accused and the impact of the non-recovery of the weapon.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that if an accused attacks a vital organ repeatedly, it establishes the knowledge that the act was likely to cause death, satisfying the requirements of Section 308 IPC, regardless of whether the resulting injury is clinically classified as simple. Additionally, ocular and medical evidence outweighs the absence of the physical weapon used in the crime.

Result: Appeal fails and is dismissed by confirming the conviction and sentence imposed by the Sessions Court.

Legal Category Hierarchy

  • crime and sentencing
    • offences against the person
      • culpable homicide
      • assault and hurt
  • practice and procedure
    • evidence
      • appreciation of evidence
      • medical evidence

Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: B. Mohanlal
For the Respondents: M.A Shihab

JUDGMENT

The judgment in S.C.No.1261/2006 on the files of the Additional District & Sessions Court (Adhoc)-I, Kollam dated 28.02.2011 is under challenge in this appeal filed by the sole accused therein.

2. Heard the learned counsel for the appellant and the learned Public Prosecutor appearing for the prosecution.

3. Scrutinized the verdict impugned and the records available. 3. The prosecution allegation is that, at about 3 p.m. on 02.08.2005, with intention to do away with PW2, the accused beat her repeatedly with a dangerous wooden stick and thereby PW2 sustained injuries, though she survived. On this premise, crime was registered alleging commission of offences punishable under Sections 324 and 308 of the Indian Penal Code (hereinafter referred to as ‘IPC’) by the accused. Thereafter, final report in the above line was also filed.

4. Learned Sessions Judge on completing the pre-trial formalities, started trial. During trial, PWs.1 to 8 and Exts.P1 to P6 were marked on the side of prosecution. No defence evidence was adduced.

5. On hearing both sides and on scrutinizing of evidence, the learned Sessions Judge found that the accused had committed offences punishable under Sections 308 and 324 of IPC and convicted the accused for the said offences and sentenced him as under:

“Accused is sentenced to undergo simple imprisonment for two years and to pay a fine of ₹5,000/-(Rupees five thousand only) for offence u/s 308 IPC, In default S.I for 3 months. No separate sentence was imposed for offence under Section 324 IPC. The period during which he is in custody shall be set off on the sentence.”

6. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant/accused argued that, in the instant case, learned Sessions Judge went wrong in finding that the appellant/accused had committed offences punishable under Sections 324 and 308 of IPC, since the evidence adduced by the prosecution would not justify the said finding. According to him, even though the injured, PW2, deposed in support of the prosecution stating that the accused beat her three times, two of them fell on her head, only one injury was noted by PW1, the doctor who had examined PW2 after the occurrence. According to him, the doctor given evidence that the injury is simple in nature. It is pointed out that two blows fell on the head of PW2 as deposed by her, the same would have caused atleast two injuries. It is submitted further that, as regards the third blow, PW2 had inconsistent versions and therefore, PW2’s evidence could not be given credence to act upon the same. It is pointed out further that, the wooden stick alleged to be used by the accused to beat PW2 was not seized as part of investigation and the same also shadows the credibility of the prosecution case. He also pointed out that, if at all reliance is given to the evidence adduced by the prosecution, the only offence to be found is one under Section 324 of IPC, since the prosecution evidence in no way would justify the knowledge of the accused to do away with PW2. Thus, learned counsel sought interference in the verdict impugned.

7. Dispelling these contentions, learned Public Prosecutor would submit that on scrutiny of the evidence of PW2, the contention raised by the learned counsel for the appellant that PW2 sustained only one injury, even though she suffered two blows, would not sustain since PW2 categorically deposed that both blows were fell on the same place and the same caused the single injury noted by the doctor.

8. It is pointed out that, beating PW2 twice on her head, a vital part of the body, takes in the knowledge of the accused to do away with PW2 and therefore, the commission of offence punishable under Section 308 IPC found by the Sessions Court is only to be justified. It is submitted by the learned Public Prosecutor further that, mere non-recovery of the weapon used to commit the offence would not take away the evidence of the injured witness supported by medical evidence to disbelieve the prosecution case and

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