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2024 Supreme(Online)(MAD) 25039

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS DATED : 19.06.2024 CORAM :

THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE M.S.RAMESH AND THE HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUNDER MOHAN Crl.A.No.641 of 2021 Krishnaraj @ Thangaraj ... Appellant/Sole Accused v.

State represented by Inspector of Police, All Women Police Station, Tiruppatur, Tiruppatur Taluk, Tirupattur District.

(Crime No.2 of 2014) ... Respondent/Complainant Criminal Appeal filed under Section 374(2) of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, against the conviction of the appellant/sole accused and sentence in Spl.S.C.No.4 of 2018 dated 06.09.2021, on the file of the learned Sessions Judge, Special Court for Exclusive Trial of Cases under the POCSO Act, 2012, Vellore and set aside the conviction and sentence imposed in judgment dated 06.09.2021 and acquit the appellant/sole accused.

For Appellant : Mr.S.Shanmugasundaram Mr.R.Muruga Bharathi For Respondent : Mr.E.Raj Thilak Additional Public Prosecutor

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The trial court convicted mainly on DNA evidence despite hostile witnesses, which is discussed in the judgment. (!) (!) (!) - The court emphasizes the need for proper collection, preservation, and chain of custody of DNA samples; absence of such data can undermine the DNA evidence. (!) (!) (!) - The judgment ultimately sets aside the conviction and acquits the appellant due to deficiencies in relying on DNA evidence alone and other evidentiary issues. (!) (!) - DNA reports are to be considered as corroborative and not sole proof, with emphasis on quality control and potential for non-infallibility. (!) (!) - The court discusses prior jurisprudence distinguishing when DNA evidence can sustain a conviction and when it cannot. (!) (!) - Specific details: victim’s deposition inconsistencies and hostile witnesses affecting guilt determination. (!) (!) - The DNA report in this case showed a very high probability of paternity, but the court still found it insufficient alone to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt. (!) (!) (!) - The appeal is allowed and the accused acquitted; fines refunded and bail discharged. (!) (!)

What is the basis for acquitting the appellant in the absence of corroborating witnesses and relying on the DNA report?

What is the court's stance on relying on DNA evidence when chain of custody and proper collection/preservation are not established?

What are the implications of hostilities of prosecution witnesses on the conviction and how should DNA evidence be weighed in such circumstances?


JUDGMENT

(Order of the Court was made by SUNDER MOHAN,J.)

This Criminal Appeal has been filed by the sole accused, challenging the conviction and sentence imposed upon him, vide judgment dated 06.09.2021 in Spl.S.C.No.4 of 2018, on the file of the learned Sessions Judge, Special Court for Exclusive Trial of Cases under the POCSO Act, 2012, Vellore.

2.(i) It is the case of the prosecution that the appellant who was the relative of the victim aged about 17 years at the time of occurrence, had kidnapped her on 03.04.2013 at about 3.00 p.m., and took her to a bush near Murugan Temple and committed penetrative sexual assault; that thereafter, on 06.04.2013 committed penetrative sexual assault on the victim, promising that he would marry her, as a result of which the victim became pregnant.

(ii) On 20.02.2014, PW1, the step-father of the victim lodged a complaint [Ex.P8] to the respondent police. PW7, the Inspector of Police, registered the FIR in Cr.No.2 of 2014 for the offences under Sections 376, 417 and 506 of the IPC against the appellant. The FIR was marked as Ex.P9.

(iii) On 20.02.2014, PW7 went to the scene of the occurrence and prepared the Observation Mahazar [Ex.P10] and the Rough Sketch [Ex.P11] in the presence of witnesses. On the same day, she arrested the accused at 7.00 p.m., near Kodumampalli Bus Stand. She sent the victim and the accused for medical examination. Thereafter, after examination of all other accused, PW7 filed the final report on 25.06.2014 against the appellant for the offences under Sections 376(2)(h)(m), 417 of the IPC and Sections 4 and 6 r/w 5(l), 6 r/w 5(n), 6 r/w 5(j)(ii) of the Protection of Children from the Sexual Offences Act, 2012 [hereinafter referred to as 'POCSO Act, 2012'], before the learned Sessions Judge, Magalir Neethimandram [Fast Track Mahila], Vellore, which was taken on file as Special S.C.No.4 of

2018.

(iv) On the appearance of the appellant, the provisions of Section 207 Cr.P.C., were complied with, and the trial Court framed charges against the appellant, and when questioned, the appellant pleaded 'not guilty'.

(v) To prove the case, the prosecution examined 9 witnesses as P.W.1 to P.W.9 and marked 11 exhibits as Exs.P1 to P11. When the appellant was questioned, u/s.313 Cr.P.C., on the incriminating circumstances appearing against him, he denied the same. The appellant examined one Devaraj, Village Chief [ehll; hik] as DW1 and did not mark any documents.

(vi) On appreciation of oral and documentary evidence, the trial Court found that the prosecution had established its case beyond reasonable doubt and held the appellant guilty of the offences under Section 417 of the IPC and Section 6 r/w 5(l) of the POCSO Act, 2012. The appellant was sentenced as follows:

Offence under Sentence imposed
6 r/w 5(l) of the POCSO Act To undergo imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to undergo RI for three months.
417 of the IPC To undergo RI for one year.
The sentences were ordered to run concurrently.

Hence, the accused has preferred the appeal challenging the said conviction and sentence.

3. Heard, Mr.S.Shanmugasundaram, learned counsel appearing for the appellant, and Mr.E.Raj Thilak, learned Additional Public Prosecutor appearing for the respondent/State.

4. The learned counsel for the appellant submitted that though all the witnesses turned hostile, the trial Court had convicted the appellant on the basis of the DNA report, which is incorrect and relied upon the judgment of this Court in Chandra Mohan v. The State, rep. by its Inspector of Police, reported in MANU/TN/7260/2023. He therefore prayed for acquittal of the appellant.

5. The learned Additional Public Prosecutor per contra submitted that though the witnesses have turned hostile, there is no infirmity in relying upon the DNA report and submitted that the judgment of this Court in Chandra Mohan's case [cited supra] is distinguishable on facts. He further submitted that the

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