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2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 22592

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
R.KALAIMATHI, J
T.B.Rajagopal – Appellant
Versus
Rajadurai (Died) – Respondent
S.A.No.719 of 2011



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Mr.P.A.Sudesh Kumar
For the Respondents: Mr.M.Sudhakaran

Continuous use and documentary evidence establish easementary rights, which cannot be negated absent sufficient rebuttal, and failure to object to expert reports implies acceptance.

Headnote:(A) Easements Act and principles governing easementary rights - Oral partition and rights arising therefrom - Gift deed and mortgage deed as evidence of possession and enjoyment of rights - Advocate Commissioner's report and survey as evidentiary tools (Paras 4, 17, 23, 25)

(B) Burden of proof on plaintiff to establish easementary right and continuous usage - Advertising right of way and other access rights over defendant's land - Non-objection to Advocate Commissioner's report indicating tacit acceptance (Paras 11, 25)

(C) Appellate review - Affirmation of trial and first appellate court findings - No substantial question of law for interference (Para 26, 27)

Facts of the case:
Plaintiffs claimed easementary rights, including right of way over defendant's lands, arising from oral partition circa 1968 and confirmed by gift deed dated 04.05.1977 by a common ancestor. Defendants denied existence of such right of way or cart track, contended earlier oral partition in 1963, and disputed plaintiffs’ claims as speculative. Advocate Commissioner surveyed the property confirming existence of a pathway allegedly used by plaintiffs for over 45 years.

Findings of Court:
The trial and first appellate courts found the plaintiffs had successfully established easementary rights by continuous usage and by documentary and oral evidence, including the Advocate Commissioner's report. Defendants' objections were neither substantiated nor supported by documents or timely objections.

Issues: Whether plaintiffs were entitled to easementary rights and permanent injunction based on claimed continuous use of cart track/right of way despite defendants' denial and contention regarding partition date and property usage.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the plaintiffs had sufficiently proven easementary rights through oral and documentary evidence, continuous enjoyment of the right of way, and absence of contrary objections to the Advocate Commissioner’s findings. The defendants failed to rebut the evidence and prove the non-existence of such right. (Paras 11, 23, 25, 26)

Result: The Second Appeal is dismissed and the judgment and decree of the First Appellate Court is confirmed. There is no order as to costs. (Para 27)

Table of Content
1. factual background on parties, property, and rights (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. defendants' factual and legal denial of plaintiffs' claims (Para 7)
3. trial issues framed and evidence collected (Para 8 , 9)
4. parties' detailed legal arguments on easement right (Para 10 , 11)
5. plaintiffs’ evidence and relevant documents establishing property rights (Para 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
6. advocate commissioner's site visits and report on pathway details (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
7. plaintiffs’ oral evidence supported by advocate commissioner's report (Para 24 , 25)
8. court's reasoned analysis affirming plaintiffs' easement rights (Para 26)

JUDGMENT

Being aggrieved by the Order of dismissal, dated 25.02.2011 passed in A.S.No.18 of 2009 by the Sub-Court, Vaniyambadi, the defendants have preferred this Second Appeal.

2. Parties are indicated herein as per their litigative status and ranking before the trial Court.

3. Case of the plaintiffs is that the deceased 1st plaintiff's father and the defendants are pangalis. Defendants no.1 and 2 and one T.B.Ramasami Pillai are the sons of Bala Muthu Mandiri of Thekkupattu Village, Vaniyambadi Taluk as joint family. They lived till 1968 and thereafter, they orally partitioned their joint family properties in or about 1968. The suit property and the other properties fell to the share of T.B.Ramasami Pillai. Similarly, properties were allotted to the defendants herein. During said partition, it was mutually agreed by T.B.Ramasami Pillai and the defendants have the right of way and channel right and right to go to the pumpset shed to get water for agricultural purposes. From the date of the said partition, the defendants and T.B.Ramasami Pillai are enjoying the above said rights of cart track, right to take cattles, right to take water through channel and go to the pumpset shed to take water without any hindrance.

4. It is the further case of the plaintiffs that the said T.B.Ramasami Pillai executed the registered gift deed in favour of the plaintiffs on 04.05.1977. The gift was accepted and acted upon by the plaintiffs and they are in possession and enjoyment of the suit schedule properties and enjoyed the cart track right, to take cattles, right to take water through channel, right of way and right to go to the pumpset shed. These plaintiffs enjoyed the rights which were enjoyed by the donor namely T.B.Ramasami Pillai. The gift deed also indicates about the said rights of the plaintiffs. T.B.Ramasami Pillai mortgaged the property on 20.04.1971 to one Ammakannammal of Tekkupattu Village and in the said document also mention is made about the said right of the 1st plaintiff's father. Thus, for the past 25 years, the plaintiffs' predecessor in title and thereafter the plaintiffs have been enjoying the rights of cart track and other rights as mentioned supra.

5. The said cart track access in the land in S.No.92, Tekkupattu Village and land belongs to one Muthuachari vagaiyara and thereafter it passes through the lands in S.No.93/5 which belongs to the 2nd defendant. The cart track passes through the land in S.No.93/6 and it belongs to the 1st defendant and ends in the lands of the plaintiffs.

6. The plaintiffs and the defendants are in enmical terms. The defendants are creating trouble to the plaintiffs and restraining the plaintiffs from using the cart track. The plaintiffs have got a right of easements to use the cart track way and the said easementary right is easement of necessity. Hence the suit was filed for declaration of easementary right in the suit cart track and for permanent injunction.

Schedule of property details:

7. Contending contra, it has been averred by the defendants that in fact oral partition was effected in the year 1963 itself among one Bala Muthumandiri and his sons namely T.B.Ramasami Pillai and the defendants herein. It is true that the respective parties have been in possession and enjoyment of their respective shares without any let or hindrance. I

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