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2024 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 83504
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
G.JAYACHANDRAN, J.
Jacob Suresh - Petitioner
Vs.
K.Latha - Respondent
Crl.OP.No.12811 of 2024
Decided On : 10-06-2024
Advocate Appeared :
For the Petitioner : Mr Sharath Chandran
The right to appeal against a conviction is not dependent on the physical appearance of the appellant or the submission of specific documents, as per the Criminal Procedure Code.
Headnote:(A) Negotiable Instruments Act - Section 138 - Criminal Procedure Code - Section 374 and 382 - The accused, convicted in absentia and sentenced under Section 138, filed an appeal which was denied due to lack of a certified copy of the suspension order. The court ruled that the production of such a document or physical appearance is not a precondition for an appeal. (Paras 2-7)
(B) Appeal Rights - The court held that the refusal to entertain the appeal for non-compliance with administrative requirements is contrary to established law allowing appeals regardless of the accused's physical appearance. (Paras 5-8)
Facts of the case:
The petitioner was convicted under the Negotiable Instruments Act, sentenced to one year and ordered to pay compensation. He was unable to attend the trial due to severe health issues, and the appeal was returned for lack of documentation.
Findings of Court:
The High Court directed the Appellate Court to entertain the appeal without the need for the certified copy of suspension or the petitioner’s physical presence.
Issues: The key issue was the necessity of a certified copy of a suspension of sentence order and physical appearance for the admission of an appeal.
Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the statutes do not require physical appearance or the provision of certain documents to uphold the right to appeal for the accused.
Result: The Appellate Court is directed to process the appeal.
ORDER :
G.JAYACHANDRAN, J.
The petitioner herein is an accused in C.C.No.2555 of 2021 on the file of XXVI Metropolitan Magistrate, Egmore, Chennai. The calendar case arises out of a private complaint initiated under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act .
2. The learned trial Court on appreciation of evidence found the petitioner herein guilty of offence punishable under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act and accordingly, sentenced him to undergo one year simple imprisonment and should pay a sum of Rs.21,50,000/- being the cheque amount as compensation, also imposed default sentence of one month simple imprisonment, if the compensation is not paid. It appears that on the date of judgment, the petitioner did not appear before the trial Court and therefore, the judgment of conviction pronounced in absentia.
3. Being aggrieved by the judgment of the trial court, the petitioner has filed appeal under Section 374 of Cr.P.C. The Appellate Court on perusing the appeal papers filed through e-court process and returned the same on the ground that certificate copy of suspension of sentence order not enclosed. Being aggrieved by the denial of entertaining the appeal which is a right conferred to any accused found guilty and convicted, the present petition under Section 482 of Cr.P.C is filed.
4. The learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the petitioner herein is bed-ridden for being diagnosed for advance stage of liver disease and multiple organs failure. Due to the said reason, he was not able to appear and be present before the trial Court for hearing the judgment. Also, he is unable to seek for suspension of sentence by presenting himself before the Court. On recovery, he will be taking recourse to the procedure laid under law for seeking suspension of sentence /re-call warrant/bail as the case may be. However, his right of appeal cannot be denied or deprived for not furnishing certified copy of suspension of sentence.
5. The learned counsel for the petitioner further submits that suspension of sentence is not a sine qua non of for preferring an appeal and therefore, the Appellate Court refusal to entertain criminal appeal preferred under Section 374 of Cr.P.C is contrary to the procedure established under law. Hence, to meet the ends of justice, interference by the High Court in exercise of power under Section 482 of Cr.P.C is warranted.
6. Heard the learned Government Advocate (Crl.Side) for the State who enlightened about the procedures relevant for entertaining her criminal appeal against conviction.
7. Section 374 (3) of Cr.P.C empowers the Court of Session to entertain an appeal arising out of order of conviction on a trial held by the learned Metropolitan Magistrate and if the period of imprisonment is not more than seven years. Nowhere in the code, to prefer a criminal appeal, grant of suspension of sentence by the trial court is contemplated nor physical appearance of the appellant is contemplated. Section 382 of Cr.P.C, reads that every appeal shall be made in the form of a petition in writing presented by the appellant or his Pleader. Hence, when the physical appearance of the appellant is only an optional and right to appear through Pleader is expressly permitted under Section 382 of Cr.P.C. Hence, the Appellate Court cannot deny or refuse to entertain an appeal for want of certified copy of suspension of sentence or for want of the physical appearance of the appellant.
8. In fact while dealing with the power of the Appellate Court, the Code under Section 386 , says the Appellate Court after perusing record and hearing the appellant or his Pleader, if he appears and the Public Prosecutor if he appears, and in case of Appeal under Section 377 or Section 378, the accused, if he appears, the Appellate Court may if it considers that there is no sufficient ground for interfering dismiss the appeal or may a) In an appeal from an order of acquittal reverse the order and direct further enquiry, b) In an appea
