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2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 36141

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
G.R.Swaminathan, M.Jothiraman, JJ
Shree Madurakavi Swamy Thiru Nanthavanam Trust Rep.by its President Venkatasamy Naidu – Appellant
Versus
The Idol of Shri Renganathaswamy Temple – Respondent
A.S.(MD)No.145 of 2015|O.S.No.98 of 2009



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Mr.Raguvaran Gopalan
For the Respondents: Mr.M.Saravanan

The executors of a will do not have the authority to alienate property, and the property must merge with the designated Idol upon the last executor's death, reaffirming the testator's intent.

Headnote:(A) Indian Succession Act, 1925 - Sections 2(c), 2(h), 74, 75, 82 - Trust O.P.No.134 of 1921 - Will dated 25.08.1903 - Dispute over ownership and management of trust property - The court found that the executors of the will do not have the authority to alienate the property and that the first defendant Idol is the rightful owner. (Paras 10, 26, 28)

(B) Trust Law - The principles of cy-pres doctrine do not apply as the testator's intention was clear that the property should merge with the first defendant Idol upon the death of the last executor. (Paras 20, 24)

(C) Legal standing - The suit for possession without a declaration of title is not maintainable. (Paras 6(vi), 28)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiffs, trustees of a public trust, sought recovery of property from the defendants, who constructed a building without proper authorization. The defendants claimed title based on a will that stipulated the property should benefit the Idol.

Findings of Court:
The trial court ruled that the plaintiffs failed to prove ownership and that the defendants, represented by the Idol, were the rightful claimants.

Issues: The key issues were the validity of the trust scheme, ownership of the property as per the will, and the maintainability of the suit without a declaration of title.

Ratio Decidendi: The court concluded that the will's intention was to transfer property to the Idol after the last executor's death, affirming that the executors could not create new trustees or alienate the property.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. overview of the parties and the suit. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. issues framed by the trial court. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. plaintiffs' and defendants' arguments. (Para 7 , 8)
4. interpretation of the will and legal definitions. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
5. court's analysis on the execution and intent of the will. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
6. final judgment and dismissal of the appeal. (Para 29)

JUDGMENT

(Judgment of this Court was delivered by M.JOTHIRAMAN J.

The unsuccessful plaintiffs have preferred the present appeal. For the sake of convenience, the parties are referred to as their rank before the trial Court. The suit has been filed for recovery of the suit property from the defendants after removing superstructure thereon and directing the defendants to pay future mense profits and for cost.

2.Brief case of the plaintiffs is as follows:-

2.1.The first plaintiff is a Public Trust and the plaintiffs 2 to 9 and the 2nd defendant are the Trustees of the 1st plaintiff Trust. The 2nd defendant by virtue of its office had been co-opted as the Trustees in pursuance of the order passed in O.P.No.134 of 1921. The suit property and other properties originally belonged to one Madurakavi who have created an Endowment by virtue of a Will dated 25.08.1903. Under the said Will, he had endowed properties for the maintenance of Nanthavanam for the supply of flowers and garlands to Lord Renganathaswamy and other temples as well. He died shortly and thereafter, the Trust was administered in pursuance of the terms and conditions of the Will. One Krishnasamy Naidu and others have executed a settlement deed on 17.04. 1914 bringing in more properties into the Trust. There was a proceeding by the Deputy commissioner HR & CE and vide its order dated 21.11.1978, he had directed Thiruvenkata Ramanuja Dasar to hand over charge of the Trust and its properties. He took the matter Commissioner HR & CE in R.P.No. 2 of 1979 and the same was allowed on 09.01.1980.

2.2.The first defendant approached the plaintiff Trust for purchase of the suit property with a view to construct a Guest House, vide letter dated 21.08.2006. In pursuance of the same, the plaintiffs had submitted necessary documents of title and possession of the suit properties. The plaintiff delivered possession of the property only for putting up construction. The first defendant had hurriedly put up construction in the suit property and the defendants would not take steps for purchasing the suit property. The plaintiff was forced to issue a notice on 15.04.2009 to the second defendant stating that the permission was granted only for putting up construction and not to utilize the property by opening the building. The plaintiff had also issued a notice to Tamilnadu Electricity Board on 07.05.2009 desisting them from granting any service connection. Thereafter, the plaintiff issued a legal notice on 19.05.2009 on the ground that the permission granted was withdrawn and calling upon to stop construction work. The first defendant, who is also a party to the resolution passed by the trust of the plaintiff, is estopped from questioning the title of the first plaintiff over the suit property. The first defendant gave a reply on 19.06.2009 containing false allegations. The plaintiff had given a rejoinder notice on 26.06.2009. The first defendant by virtue of his office is one of the co-trustees and therefore, it is not open for the first defendant to question the title of the plaintiff. Under these circumstances, construction put up by the first defendant over the suit property is illegal and unlawful and the same have to be removed. Hence, the suit.

3.Brief case of the first defendant is as follows:-

3.1.The plaintiffs herein have willfully and wantonly suppressed to aver clause 5 of the Will dated 25.08.1903 in the earlier proceedings in Trust O.P.No.134 of 1921. The charities mentioned in the Will are associated and connected with the defendant

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