SupremeToday Landscape Ad
Back
Next
Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation
Listen Audio Icon Pause Audio Icon
judgment-img

2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 69655

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
P. DHANABAL, J
A. Devaram S/o. Aruldoss (deceased) – Appellant
Versus
N. Radhakrishnan – Respondent
Second Appeal | M.P. 1 of 2015 | A.S. No.3/2014



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Mr. S. Kalyanaraman
For the Respondents: Mr. M. Mushtaq Ahmed

The plaintiff can prove a promissory note's validity through testimonial evidence, making expert testimony unnecessary if credible evidence is presented.

Headnote:(A) Contract Act, 1872 - Legal principles regarding loan agreements and promissory notes - A defendant's denial of executing a promissory note requires substantial rebuttal evidence - A plaintiff discharged the burden of proof by providing testimony and corroborative documentary evidence rather than relying solely on expert handwriting analysis. (Paras 15, 18, 19, 20)

(B) Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 73 - Comparison of handwriting admissible if the documents are representative of the same period - Courts need not solely rely on expert report for proving a case when oral and documentary evidence substantiates the claims. (Paras 19, 20)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff claimed recovery of ₹3 lakhs loaned to the defendant on a promissory note. The defendant asserted no such loan was ever taken. The litigation traces through trial and appellate courts, culminating in this appeal.

Findings of Court:
The courts upheld the validity of the promissory note against claims of forgery, affirming the plaintiff’s legal entitlement.

Issues: Whether the courts misjudged the execution and validity of the promissory note.

Ratio Decidendi: The courts sanctioned comparison of signatures under the Evidence Act while affirming the evidentiary weight of testimonies over expert analysis.

Result: The Second Appeal is dismissed.

Table of Content
1. claim for recovery of loan. (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
2. arguments regarding execution and validity of the loan agreement. (Para 5 , 6 , 9 , 10)
3. evidence examination and findings by the trial court. (Para 12 , 13 , 15)
4. legal principles on proving a promissory note. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
5. final decisions on the appeal. (Para 21 , 22)

JUDGMENT

The Second Appeal has been filed as against the decree and judgment passed by the First Appellate Court i.e., I Additional District and Sessions Court in A.S. No.3/2014 dated 23.12.2014, wherein the appellant herein, has preferred an appeal as against the decree and judgment passed by the Trial Court in O.S. No.107 of 2006 dated 31.10.2012.

2.The brief averments of the Plaint are as follows:

The defendant had borrowed a sum of Rs.3 lakhs from the Plaintiff on 12.09.2005 and agreed to repay the same with interest at 24% per annum and also he executed a Promissory Note in favour of the Plaintiff. In spite of repeated demands made by the Plaintiff, the defendant failed to repay the said loan amount. Therefore, the Plaintiff issued a Legal Notice on 03.06.2006 and the defendant received the said notice and issued a reply notice on 07.06.2006 with false averments and failed to make any payment. Therefore, the Plaintiff filed a Suit for recovery of money.

3. The bried averments of the Written Statement filed by the defendant are as follows:-

The Suit is false, vexatious and frivolous and the Plaintiff is not entitled to any relief as claimed by him in the Suit. The defendant did not borrow Suit money from the Plaintiff and he never executed any promissory note. The said Promissory note is a forged one and not signed by the defendant. The Plaintiff issued a Legal notice dated 03.06.2006 and the same has been suitably replied on 10.06.2006. In fact, the Plaintiff borrowed a sum of Rs.3 lakhs from the defendant on 19.02.2003. The mode of payment was through a cheque dated 19.02.2003 for Rs.1 lakh and Rs.2 lakhs by way of cash. For the said loan, the defendant made payment towards interest. On 12.09.2006, he revived back the documents executed by him for the said borrowal promising to pay the balance in a week or so. At that time, he handed over a Chit calculating the amount paid by him and the amount payable. Since the Plaintiff paid the entire principal amount in one lumpsum, this defendant returned the documents hoping that he will pay the amount due very soon. In fact, this defendant has been demanding the Plaintiff for the payment of balance amount due to him as noted in the Chit given by him. Because of the same, to defraud this defendant, the Plaintiff issued a notice containing false averments and the same was suitably replied by the defendant. The Promissory Note filed along with the Plaint must be a created one, after the notice sent by the Plaintiff. The defendant is owning agricultural lands and he is a retired elementary School Teacher and not doing any business or commercial finance business as alleged by the Plaintiff. Therefore, the Suit is liable to be dismissed.

4. Based on the above said pleadings and upon hearing both sides and perusing the documents, the trial Court had framed the following issues:

(i) Whether the Suit Pronote is a forged one.

(ii) Whether no consideration passed for the execution of the Pronote.

(iii) Whether Plaintiff is entitled to a decree for Rs.3,60,000/-

(iv) To what reliefs, the Plaintiff is entitled to.

5. In order to prove the case of the Plaintiff, he examined PW1 and PW2 and marked Ex.A.1 to Ex.A.5 and on the side of defendant, DW1 was examined and Ex.B.1 to Ex.B.3 were marked. After analysing the oral and documentary evidences adduced on either side, the trial Court decreed the Suit. Aggrieved by the said decree and judgment passed by the trial Court dated 31.10.2012, the unsucceeding defendant preferred an appeal before the First Appellate Court i.e., I Additional District and Sessions Court, Vellore in A.S. No.3 of 2015.

6. The First Appellate Cour

Click Here to Read the rest of this document
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SupremeToday Portrait Ad
supreme today icon
logo-black

An indispensable Tool for Legal Professionals, Endorsed by Various High Court and Judicial Officers

Please visit our Training & Support
Center or Contact Us for assistance

qr

Scan Me!

India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!

For Daily Legal Updates, Join us on :

whatsapp-icon Back to top