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2025 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 71418

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
Honourable Mr.Justice D.BHARATHA CHAKRAVARTHY
N.NEERAJA – Appellant
Versus
THE UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC) – Respondent
W.P No.47622 of 2025



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Meiyappan Mohan
For the Respondents: Sudha, S.R.Raghunathan, T.Balaji

In professional legal education, attendance rules are essential but can be pragmatically applied to allow bright students to take compensatory classes and special exams to avoid undue stress from backlog.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Bar Council of India Rules - University Regulations (Temporary break of study) - Writ petition seeking permission to write examinations despite attendance shortage - Legal education - Attendance requirements - Importance of classroom interaction and peer learning in professional courses - Court's power to grant pragmatic relief.

(B) Legal Education - Attendance rules cannot be completely ignored but can be applied pragmatically to prevent undue stress on students - Possibility of compensatory classes and special examinations - Balancing strict compliance with welfare of student.

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, a final-year law student, was unable to attend sufficient classes due to internships and other academic activities, resulting in a backlog of nine papers from the 6th and 8th semesters and a current attendance shortage in the 9th semester. She sought permission to write the pending examinations. The University and Bar Council opposed, citing mandatory 70% attendance rules and the risk of lowering standards. The court noted the student's brilliance and self-study capacity, but also the importance of classroom education.

Findings of Court:
The court accepted that the University's rules are valid and must generally be followed. However, considering the student's exceptional ability and to avoid the stress of writing 14 papers at once, a pragmatic approach was adopted. The University had provisions for compensatory classes and temporary breaks. The court directed that the student be given an opportunity to attend compensatory classes for the backlog subjects, and upon completion, the University shall conduct a special examination before the final semester.

Issues: Whether the court should permit a student who lacks mandatory attendance to write examinations; whether attendance rules in professional legal education can be relaxed on equitable grounds.

Ratio Decidendi: While attendance rules in legal education are essential to maintain standards, they can be applied flexibly in individual cases to prevent undue hardship, especially where the student demonstrates capability and the institution can provide compensatory measures. The court can direct a special examination after completion of compensatory classes.

Result: Writ petition partly allowed - directions issued to the University to provide compensatory classes and conduct a special examination for the pending subjects before the final semester examinations. Matter listed for compliance report on 16.02.2025.

ORDER

This Writ Petition is filed by N.Neeraja a final year student undergoing her Law course in Chettinad School of Law, Chengalpattu, which is under the auspices of the deemed to be university namely chettinad Academy of Research and Education.

2.The case of the petitioner is that the petitioner joined the Law course for the academic session 2021- 2026 and now she is in the final year in her 9th semester. While so, during the 6th semester in view of her pursuit of other academic activities including internship under an organisation called Pacta which is a firm that works in policy making and working with other learned Advocates who are in the field of policy making and law, she could not attend all the classes. Therefore, she was not permitted to write the examination and then the ensuing semester she did the compensatory class and then she fall sort of the attendance in respect of that semester and as such the matter kept on postponing and now she is in the 9th semester. Now the current subjects of Labour Law, Principles of Taxation Law, property law and Banking Law, she is going to write in this current semester. She has a backlog of nine papers, that is, Election Law, Family Law II, Company Law II, Victimology which is of the 6th semester and Privacy Law, Land Law, Health Laws, Moot Court, Drafting, Pleadings, Conveyancing of 9th semester. As far as the present semester is concerned, it is stated on behalf of the School of Law that she is again short of the mandatory 70% attendance. According to the student, her biometric shows more than 70% and if the biometric is strictly looked into that doesn't match the physical attendance register extract that is produced before the court. Even the physical attendance register extract is produced only in respect of two subjects and not in respect of the other three subjects.

3.I have heard the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner in detail.

4.The learned counsel took the court through the extraordinary academic performance of the student right from class X and the certificates that are given by the respective firms and the mentors. The some of the articles that are co- authored by the students are also attached along with the typed set of papers. I am of the view that the student is brilliant and one can see that she is in a position to self study for herself.

5.It is in this background, the learned counsel would also rely upon the judgement of the Division Bench of the Delhi High Court in the matter of In Re: Suicide Committed by Sushant Rohilla, Law Student of I.P. University Vs. Respondent 2025 [ SCC Online Del 7920 ] where the Delhi High Court took into consideration the enormous stress and strain the students have these days and directed the Bar Council to revisit the policy relating to attendance and in the interregnum restrained the universities not to stop students from taking the examination for attendance shortage and suggested such other measures such as compensatory classes etc,.

6.I heard Mr.S.R.Raghunathan, the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Bar Council of India. The learned counsel would point out to the provisions contained in the Bar Council of India Rules, including the definition of “Legal Education Committee” and would submit that the unique nature of legal education and the rules that are framed by the Bar Council of India is not considered by the Division Bench of the Delhi High Court. While there should be no two opinion that the process of insisting upon the attendance should not cause any trauma or undue stress on the students, at the same time, the rules were framed taking into account the various reasons that are prevalent throughout the country.

7.It is not the student like the petitioner alone who are taken into account, there were letter pad colleges which were collecting monies even for marking fake attendance and the students who are not able to write even one paragraph graduated out of the Law school. The situation prevalent t

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