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2026 Supreme(Mad) 1064

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
C.V. KARTHIKEYAN, K. KUMARESH BABU, JJ.
P.Saroja Bai - Appellant
Versus 
K.Govardhana Prasad(deceased) – Respondent 
OSA No. 404 of 2018, CMP No. 18359 of 2018
Decided On : 30-04-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Mr.K.V.Subramaniam, Senior Counsel For Mr.M.A.Abdul Wahab
For the Respondent: Mr.C.Uma Shankar, Mr.M.Selvam

Will proved by attesting witness establishing execution, sound mind; challengers fail to substantiate suspicious circumstances like infirmities, unequal bequest without evidence such as medical records, despite residing with testator.

Headnote:(A) Indian Succession Act, 1925 - Sections 63(c), 222, 255, 276 - Indian Evidence Act, 1872 - Sections 68, 114(g) - Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 - Section 67 - Proof of Will - Execution proved by examination of one attesting witness who prepared document under instructions, explained contents in Tamil, saw testator sign, attested same - Testator aged 72 in sound disposing state of mind - Signature admitted but alleged on blank paper denied - Jurat satisfies attestation requirements - Onus shifts to challengers to prove suspicious circumstances. (Paras 10, 28-37, 49)

(B) Wills - Suspicious circumstances - Not every circumstance suspicious; must be real, germane, proved by evidence - Mere allegations of poor health, hard hearing, poor eyesight, inability to travel distance, unequal property division, delay in probate petition, choice of attesting advocates, minor discrepancies in recitals insufficient without proof like medical records - Adverse presumption where such evidence withheld by resident carer - Unequal bequest testator's prerogative absent undue influence proof. (Paras 14, 24-25, 38-55)

Facts of the case:
Testator executed Will bequeathing property to three sons unequally; probate petition filed after 18-year delay post death; converted to suit; one attesting witness examined; challenger son, residing with testator till death, alleged fabrication, infirmities without medical evidence; single judge granted probate; legal representatives of challenger appeal.

Findings of Court:
Will proved in manner known to law; no suspicious circumstances established warranting rejection; probate decree affirmed.

Issues: Whether Will proved per law; whether challengers established suspicious circumstances to vitiate Will.

Ratio Decidendi: Execution and attestation established shifts onus; challengers fail despite opportunities, lacking evidence of alleged infirmities despite close proximity; witness evidence convincing, withstands cross-examination; minor issues like delay, division not fatal absent proof.

Result: Appeal dismissed. No costs.

Table of Content
1. procedural history of testamentary original suit. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. plaintiff claims valid will; defendant alleges fabrication. (Para 4 , 5)
3. trial issues and evidence on will genuineness. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
4. trial court upholds will execution and probate. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
5. appeal arguments on suspicious circumstances and proof. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
6. framed issues: legal proof and suspicions rebuttal. (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)
7. attesting witness verifies will preparation and execution. (Para 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
8. will proved per statutory attestation requirements. (Para 35 , 36 , 37)
9. no evidence supports alleged testator incapacity claims. (Para 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48)
10. suspicious circumstances unproven; precedents applied. (Para 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55)
11. original decree affirmed; appeal dismissed. (Para 56 , 57)

JUDGMENT :

C.V. Karthikeyan, J.

1.The 7th and 9th defendants, who are the legal representatives of the deceased 1st defendant in T.O.S.No.6 of 2011 on the file of the Original Side of this Court aggrieved by the judgment and decree dated 11.07.2018 have filed the present Appeal.

2.The 1st petitioner, K.Govardhana Prasad had filed O.P.No.546 of 2003 under Section 222, 255 and 276 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 seeking grant of Probate with respect to a Will dated 28.07.1978 said to have been executed by Kuppaiah Prasad who died on 16.06.1985. Pending the Original Petition, the 1st petitioner, K.Govardhana Prasad died and his legal representatives had been brought on record as 2nd and 3rd petitioners by an order dated 18.02.2014 in A.No.6258 of 2013.

3.In the Original Petition, he had also impleaded as respondents, the other legal representatives of Kuppaiah Prasad. They filed caveat and subsequently, O.P.No.546 of 2003 was converted to a Testamentary Original Suit and renumbered as T.O.S.No.6 of 2004. By judgment and decree dated 11.07.2018, the suit was decreed and probate was granted, necessitating the legal representatives of the deceased 1st respondent therein K.Rajendra Prasad to file this appeal.

TOS No:6 of 2004:

4.It had been stated in the plaint that the testator M.Kuppaiah Prasad was possessed of property and had executed a Will dated 28.07.1978 nominating his son K.Govardhana Prasad as his executor. He died on 16.06.1985. It had been further stated that his wife Mrs.Devaki predeceased him and died on 03.03.1983. He left behind as his legal heirs this three sons namely, Sathiyanarayana Prasad, Govardhana Prasad / executor / plaintiff and Rajendra Prasad / 1st defendant. It had been contended that the original Will was recently traced and immediately thereafter, the petition was filed seeking grant of probate. It had been further stated that the Will had been executed in the presence of witnesses who had also signed the Will witnessing execution. It had thus been sought that probate be granted with respect to the said Will.

5.The 1st defendant K.Rajendra Prasad had filed written statement claiming that the Will was not a true and genuine document. It was further contended that it was not written or executed by M.Kuppaiah Prasad. It had been further stated that the witnesses were not known to the family of the deceased. At the time of execution of the Will, the testator was more than 75 years and was not keeping good health and was hard of hearing and did not have proper eye sight. He was not capable of going out without the assistance or help of others. He was senile. It was contended that it was highly improbable to contend that he moved over from his house at Tondiarpet to go over to the office of the advocate at Armenian Street, Chennai, to execute the Will. It was therefore contended that the Will had not been executed by him and was a fabricated document. It was contended that the signature was also forged signature. It was further contended that he did not know to read and write. It was f

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