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2026 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 45189

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
N. Anand Venkatesh, K.K. Ramakrishnan, JJ
Annavi – Appellant
Versus
State – Respondent
CRL.A.(MD).Nos.407 of 2023 | 600 of 2024 | 355 of 2026



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Dilipan Pandiyan, K.Arunraj, S.Mahadevan, G.D.Manikandan, G.Karuppasamy Pandian, T.Vadivelan
For the Respondents: A.Thiruvadi Kumar

The testimony of injured eyewitnesses constitutes highly credible evidence that is entitled to greater weight, and once common intention under Section 34 IPC is established through concerted action, the absence of a distinct specific overt act against an individual accused does not invalidate a conviction for murder.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code - Sections 302, 324, 326 r/w 34 - Murder - Conviction upheld - Testimony of injured witnesses: The evidence of injured eyewitnesses carries a higher evidentiary value and stands on a higher pedestal than ordinary witnesses, as their presence at the scene is rarely doubtful and their injuries provide strong corroboration for their ocular testimony. (Paras 9, 12, 14)

(B) Common Intention: Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code applies even in the absence of a distinct specific overt act where the cumulative conduct of the accused demonstrates a premeditated attack in furtherance of a shared criminal intention. (Paras 17, 19, 21)

(C) Provocation: The plea for invoking Exception 1 to Section 300 IPC on the basis of sustained provocation is rejected where the evidence suggests a premeditated attack rather than a sudden quarrel or intense provocation at the time of the incident. (Paras 22)

Facts of the case:
The deceased and the accused were brothers involved in an ongoing dispute over the partition of family property. On the day of the incident, while the deceased and his family members were engaged in agricultural labor, the accused trespassed into the field, abused the deceased, and attacked him and his family members with weapons, resulting in the death of the deceased and injuries to two other witnesses.

Findings of Court:
The testimony of the injured witnesses was found to be consistent, cogent, and corroborated by medical evidence. The recovery of bloodstained weapons and clothing, linked to the accused through forensic reports, further solidified the prosecution's case. The court found no merit in the appellants' contentions regarding the delay in FIR registration or the absence of an overt act for one of the accused.

Issues: Whether the prosecution sufficiently established the guilt of the accused, the applicability of Section 34 IPC, and whether the case warranted a lesser charge under Exception 1 to Section 300 IPC.

Ratio Decidendi: The ocular testimony of injured witnesses, when corroborated by independent medical and forensic evidence, is sufficient to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt; specific overt acts need not be attributed individually if the common intention of the accused is established. Result : Appeals dismissed; conviction and sentence confirmed.

Table of Content
1. overview of the trial, procedural history, and facts. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. advocacy arguments concerning evidence reliability and provocation. (Para 4 , 5)
3. judicial assessment of injured witness testimony and medical corroboration. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15)
4. application of section 34 ipc and rejection of mitigation pleas. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27)

PRAYER : Criminal Appeal is filed under Section 374(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code, to call for the records in S.C.No.329 of 2018 dated 10.04.2023 on the file of the learned II Additional District and Sessions Court, Tiruchirappalli and set aside the same.

For Appellant : Mr.S.Mahadevan, for Mr.G.D.Manikandan

For Respondent : Mr.A.Thiruvadi Kumar, Additional Public Prosecutor

PRAYER : Criminal Appeal is filed under Section 374(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code, to call for the records in S.C.No.329 of 2018 dated 10.04.2023 on the file of the learned II Additional District and Sessions Court, Tiruchirappalli and set aside the same.

For Appellant : Mr.G.Karuppasamy Pandian, for Mr.T.Vadivelan

For Respondent : Mr.A.Thiruvadi Kumar, Additional Public Prosecutor

COMMON JUDGMENT

(Judgment of the Court was made by K.K.RAMAKRISHNAN,J.)

The appellants/accused in S.C.No.329 of 2018 on the file of the II Additional District and Sessions Judge, Tiruchirappalli, have preferred the present appeals challenging the following conviction and sentence imposed against them by the impugned judgment dated 10.04.2023.

Rank of the Accused Charges / Offences (IPC) Sentence Imposed
A1 326 Rigorous Imprisonment for 3 years
302 r/w 34 Life Imprisonment and fine of Rs. 2,000/-
A2 324 Rigorous Imprisonment for 1 year
302 r/w 34 Life Imprisonment
A3 302 r/w 34 Life Imprisonment

2.Brief facts of the case:

2.1. The case of the prosecution, in brief, is that the deceased was the brother of the first accused. There existed a deep seated enmity between them in respect of partition of family properties. The accused persistently demanded a share in the property, which was consistently refused by the deceased. In the above circumstances, on 07.01.2018 at about 1.30 p.m., the deceased, along with the defacto complainant (P.W.1), his son, and daughter, was engaged in agricultural work in their field. At that time, all the accused allegedly came to the place of occurrence, abused the deceased and his family members in filthy language, and attacked the deceased with wooden logs and other weapons, with the intention to commit murder. During the course of the occurrence, injuries were also caused to the witnesses, namely P.W.1 and P.W.2.

2.2. On the same day, a complaint was lodged by P.W.1 before the jurisdictional Sub-Inspector of Police, which was registered in Crime No. 15 of 2018. The First Information Report was thereafter forwarded to the Inspector of Police (P.W.17), who took up the investigation. Upon receipt of the FIR, the Investigating Officer visited the place of occurrence, prepared the observation mahazar and rough sketch, and examined the witnesses. He conducted inquest over the body of the deceased and arranged for post-mortem examination. P.W.17 arrested the accused Nos.1 and 2 on 08.01.2018 at 03.00 pm., and their voluntary confessions were recorded in the presence of P.W.10, and material objects (M.Os.1 and 3, 7 to 10) were recovered. Subsequently, A3 was also arrested 12.01.2018 at 09.00 am and he continued the investigation and further collected the post-mortem report, viscera report, and serological report, examined all the witnesses and upon completion of investigation, filed the final report before the learned Judicial Magistrate, Musiri. The case was taken on file in P.R.C. No. 20 of 2018 and the copies under Section 207 of Cr.P.C. were served to all the accused and, since the offences were triable exclusively by a Court of Session, the same was committed to the Sessions Court.

2.3. The learned II Additi

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