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2026 Supreme(Online)(Mad) 46171

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
R. Suresh Kumar, N. Senthilkumar, JJ
Ramanathan – Appellant
Versus
State of Tamil Nadu – Respondent
W.A.No.1017 of 2026



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: S.Thanka Sivan
For the Respondents: D.Ravichandran, K.Geethika, S.Manuraj

Revenue authorities lack jurisdiction to adjudicate upon the genuineness of a Will or determine title to property; such disputes regarding title and the validity of a Will must be resolved by a competent Civil Court through a declaratory suit.

Headnote:The proceedings concern a challenge to the cancellation of patta by revenue authorities, which was purportedly done based on an unsubstantiated claim of possession. The appellant asserts title through a Will executed by the original owner. The court found that revenue authorities acted improperly by questioning the validity of the Will, noting that the Will did not require compulsory registration or probate to confer title, and that title determination falls strictly within the jurisdiction of a Civil Court. Issues framed by the Court include whether revenue authorities have the jurisdiction to unilaterally cancel patta based on competing claims of title and whether a Will must be proved in a Civil Court before a patta can be granted. The ratio decidendi states that "title cannot flow because of a self declaration made by anyone to claim that he is in possession and enjoyment of the property" (Para 12). Further, the court determined that revenue officials cannot adjudicate upon the genuineness of a Will, as such matters require a declaratory decree from a competent Civil Court to change title status. The writ appeal is allowed, the impugned cancellation order is set aside, and the patta is restored in the name of the original holder until a competent Civil Court conclusively decides the title.

Table of Content
1. factual background concerning property devolution via will and subsequent patta issuance. (Para 2 , 3)
2. procedural history of the administrative dispute and the scope of the writ court's remand order. (Para 4 , 5)
3. revenue authorities lack jurisdiction to determine property title or the validity of a will. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 15)
4. final directions restoring the patta pending a civil court ruling. (Para 16)

For Appellant(s): Mr.S.Thanka Sivan For Respondent(s): Mr.D.Ravichandran Special Government Pleader for R1 to R5 Ms.K.Geethika for Mr.S.Manuraj for R6 JUDGMENT (Judgment of the Court was delivered by R.SURESH KUMAR, J.)

This writ appeal has been directed against the order passed by the Writ Court dated 03.07.2025 made in W.P.No.19787 of 2025.

2. The present appellant was the writ petitioner, whose grandfather, one Chockalingam Chettiar, was the original owner of the property in question. On 23.01.1956, he bequeathed a Will in favour of the appellant/writ petitioner, as he is the grandson of the said Chockalingam Chettiar. On 06.09.1956, the said Chockalingam Chettiar died. At that time, the appellant/writ petitioner was a minor. On his behalf, the property was looked after by his father, one Ramaswami, and he died on 14.02.1991. This is how it is claimed by the appellant/writ petitioner that the property had been devolved to the appellant/writ petitioner.

3. When that became so, originally, the patta stood in the name of the said Chockalingam Chettiar and subsequently, it has been transferred to the appellant/writ petitioner Ramanathan, therefore, he became the absolute owner of the property and patta has been issued in his name. On

31.05.2024, the appellant/writ petitioner settled the property in the name of his wife namely R.Valliammai. Pursuant to the subsequent settlement, patta has been transferred in the name of the said R.Valliammai, but, when the matter stood thus, the patta in the name of R.Valliammai has been cancelled by the fifth respondent Zonal Deputy Tahsildar through the order dated 29.03.2025. Challenging the said cancellation of patta, the appellant/writ petitioner filed the said writ petition in W.P.No.19787 of

2025.

4. Before the Writ Court, it was stated on behalf of the official respondents that, they would reconsider the matter after issuing notice to the writ petitioner as well as the sixth respondent and other interested parties. Recording the same, the matter was remitted back to the official respondents, that is the fifth respondent, for reconsideration.

5. In fact, not satisfied with the said order passed by the Writ Court dated 03.07.2025, since without setting aside the cancellation order dated 29.03.2025, the remand order was passed by the Writ Court, that was challenged in the writ appeal.

6.1. Today, when the writ appeal is taken up for admission, Mr.D.Ravichander, learned Special Government Pleader appearing for the official respondents, that is respondents 1 to 5, would submit that, pursuant to the order dated 03.07.2025, the Zonal Deputy Tahsildar, that is the fifth respondent, has acted upon and he had given notice to the appellant/writ petitioner as well as the sixth respondent and some other interested parties, who are third parties, and after hearing them, orders have been passed on 05.11.2025, thereby, it was directed that, the patta given in the name of the sixth respondent after cancelling the patta that stood in the name of the wife of the appellant/writ petitioner shall continue to be there till the Will, claimed to have been executed in favour of the appellant/writ petitioner, is proved by filing a suit by the appellant/writ petitioner before the competent Civil Court.

6.2. Relying upon this proceedings issued by the fifth respondent dated 05.11.2025, the learned Special Government Pleader would contend that, insofar as the claim made by the appellant/writ petitioner is concerned, only on the strength of the non-registered Will, said to have been executed

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