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2026 Supreme(Online)(NCDRC) 419

NATIONAL CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION
Inderjit Singh, Presiding Member, Sudhir Kumar Jain, Member
Director, First House – Appellant
Versus
Brijbhushan Paikra – Respondent
REVISION PETITION NO 2046 OF 2024



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Chirag Joshi
For the Respondents: Vijay Joshi, Kuldeep Singh

A seller is liable for deficiency in service when a machine sold suffers from inherent manufacturing defects, evidenced by expert reports that remain unrebutted, and the appellate commission will not interfere with well-reasoned findings of lower consumer forums unless there is clear illegality.

Headnote:(A) Consumer Protection Act, 1986 - Section 2(1)(d), Section 12, Section 15, Section 21(b) - Bricks press machine - Manufacturing defect - Deficiency in service - Burden of proof - Expert opinion - Revision jurisdiction - Machine developed defects within two days of operation - Expert inspection report detailing manufacturing faults including improper pressure tank construction and motor capacity was unrebutted by the seller - State Commission's decision to award compensation for machine price, mental agony, and litigation costs upheld - Appellate court's scope in revision is limited to correcting illegality or procedural impropriety.

Facts of the case:
The complainant purchased a brick press machine for self-employment. The machine failed within two days of installation. Despite multiple requests and a failed repair attempt by the seller's mechanic, the machine remained defunct, leading to significant business losses. After initial dismissal by the lower forums, the complainant produced an expert inspection report from a qualified mechanic confirming manufacturing defects. The State Commission subsequently awarded relief to the complainant.

Findings of Court:
The expert inspection report of the machine, which was not challenged or refuted by the seller, established clear manufacturing defects. The court rejected the seller's contention that the complaint was not maintainable or that the expert opinion was an afterthought, confirming that the complainant qualifies as a consumer under the Act.

Issues: Whether the machine suffered from inherent manufacturing defects and whether the seller is liable for deficiency in service.

Ratio Decidendi: A seller is liable for deficiency in service if a newly purchased machine develops defects immediately after delivery and remains unrectified despite notices; an unrebutted expert inspection report is valid evidence to establish such manufacturing defects.

Result: The revision petition is dismissed and the State Commission's order is affirmed.

Table of Content
1. procedural history of the consumer complaint regarding a defective machine purchase. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. parties' contentions regarding manufacturing defects, consumer status, and evidence assessment. (Para 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
3. appreciation of expert evidence to establish manufacturing defects and deficiency in service. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)

ORDER

DR.SUDHIR KUMAR JAIN, J

1. The relevant facts of the present complaint are that Brijbhushan Paikra/the complainant/the respondent (hereinafter referred to as ‘the complainant’) on 05.01.2011 purchased one bricks press machine for his self-employment for consideration of Rs. 10,12,620/- vide bill No. 10-11/63 and delivery no. FH/10-11/68 from Director, First House/the petitioner /the opposite party (hereinafter referred to as ‘the opposite party’) and said machine was delivered on the same day. The functioning of the said machine is to prepare the mixture and place mixture into the machine to prepare the bricks. The complainant installed said machine at his work place situated at Gram Birkoni, District Mahasamund Chhattisgarh. The complainant appointed five laborers and one technical person to operate the machine. The machine stopped functioning after two days of its installation and the opposite party was intimated immediately. The complainant also lodged the complaint 2/3 times and also contacted the opposite party but the problem in the functioning of the machine was not resolved. The opposite party also assured that mechanic would be sent within 1 -2 days but no mechanic was sent by the opposite party. The complainant suffered heavy financial losses due to its non-functioning of the machine. However one mechanic of the respondent visited the work place of the complainant after 8-10 days but he could not repair the said machine despite repeated efforts. The mechanic informed that some spare parts were required to be replaced in the machine but no solution was made out for getting the machine functional. The complainant paid salary to six laborers for one month. The complainant being aggrieved filed present consumer complaint under section 12 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act’) bearing CC no. 06 of 2013 titled as Brijbhushan Paikara V Director, First House before the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum, Raipur (C.G.) (hereinafter referred to as ‘the District Forum’) wherein alleged deficiency in service and unfair trade practice on the part of the opposite party. The complainant prayed as under:-

1. To pay the amount of Rs. 1012620/- price of the bricks press machine along with interest @9%.

2. To pay the amount of Rs. 21000/- salary of six labourers and business loss of two months Rs. 100000/-.

3. Any other relief which the Hon’ble Forum deems fit may also be awarded against the OP.

2. The opposite party failed to appear before the District Forum despite service of the notice. The District Forum vide order dated 10.12.2013 dismissed the complaint on the ground that there was no proper evidence on behalf of the the complainant to prove the deficiency in service against the opposite party. The complainant being aggrieved by the order dated 10.12.2013 passed by the District Forum filed an appeal under section 15 of the Act bearing F.A. No.14 of 2024 titled as Brajbhushan Paikra V Director, First House before Chhattisgarh State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, Raipur (hereinafter referred to as ‘the State Commission’). The State Commission vide order dated 24.09.2014 dismissed the appeal filed by the complainant by holding that the District Forum has given correct observation and order passed by the District Forum did not want any interference. The complainant thereafter filed a revision petition under section 21(b) of the Act bearing RP no 4381 of 2014 before this Commission and this Commission vide order dated 29.03.2016 set-aside the orders passed by both the District Forum and the State Commission and re

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