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2026 Supreme(Online)(NCLT) 272

NATIONAL COMPANY LAW TRIBUNAL
Brajendra Mani Tripathi, Judicial Member, Man Mohan Gupta, Technical Member
Neha Jain – Appellant
Versus
Chhaya Gupta – Respondent
IA No. 251 of 2024 in TP No. 230 of 2019 | CP (IB) No. 192 (MP) of 2017



Advocates:
For the Applicant: Teena Saraswat Pandey
For the Respondent: Chhaya Gupta

Registered sale deed presumes valid title transfer upon full payment; RP must verify claims timely and handover possession of third-party assets post-verification, subject to prior secured creditor mortgage rights.

Headnote:(A) Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 - Sections 18(f), 60(5), 66 - National Company Law Tribunal Rules, 2016 - Rule 11 - Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process - Registered sale deed executed prior to CIRP upon full payment - Presumption of validity attaches to registered sale deed; burden on party disputing to rebut - RP must verify claims within time under Reg. 40A - Assets owned by third party excluded from RP custody per Explanation to Section 18 - Handover of possession of fully paid plot permissible post verification without violating moratorium as it constitutes revenue from operations - Rights subject to prior registered mortgage/charge of secured creditor - No exclusion from asset pool until mortgage liability discharged per priority under Section 48 TPA. (Paras 7, 11, 14, 21, 23, 25, 26)

(B) Transfer of Property Act, 1882 - Section 48, 54, 55 - Mortgage - Prior registered charge prevails over subsequent sale; purchaser takes subject to encumbrance absent NOC - Non-payment of consideration not ground to cancel registered deed; remedy lies in recovery suit - Fraud vitiates but requires concrete evidence, mere allegation insufficient. (Paras 14, 21, 23)

Facts of the case:
Applicant, claiming ownership of residential plot via registered sale deed executed in 2016 upon full payment prior to CIRP, filed application seeking exclusion from corporate debtor assets, admission of claim, and possession handover under Section 18(f). RP classified as 'Registries with Third Party Payments', alleged fraudulent execution, balance due with interest, and subsisting mortgage over entire project land by secured creditor from 2013 loan.

Findings of Court:
RP directed to verify and classify claim within 4 weeks and handover vacant possession post verification; all rights subject to secured creditor mortgage. RP to maintain neutrality sans unfair conditions to prospective applicants.

Issues: (i) Substantiation of RP's classification, fraud allegations, balance consideration, premature registry; (ii) Subsistence of mortgage over specific plot and RP's duty to obtain current details from bank.

Ratio Decidendi: Registered sale deed vests title; RP cannot generalize without verification or evidence rebutting presumption - handover post verification upholds going concern without moratorium breach, subject to prior charge priority.

Result: IA disposed with directions.

Table of Content
1. application seeks plot exclusion and claim admission. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. rp disputes ownership due to third-party payments. (Para 4)
3. applicant defends valid registered sale deed. (Para 5)
4. court frames issues on classification and mortgage. (Para 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
5. section 18 excludes third-party assets from rp custody. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
6. registered sale deeds confer absolute title. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
7. possession handover allowed for fully-paid allottees. (Para 16 , 17)
8. rp must verify specific mortgage status. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
9. presumption of registered deed validity rebuttable by evidence. (Para 21 , 22)
10. prior mortgage prevails over subsequent sale. (Para 23 , 24 , 25)
11. rp to verify claim and handover possession subject to mortgage. (Para 26)

NATIONAL COMPANY LAW TRIBUNAL COURT NO. 1 ITEM No.202 IA/251(MP)2024 TP 230 of 2019 [CP(IB) 192 of 2017]

Order under Section 60(5) r.w. Rule 11 IN THE MATTER OF:

........Applicant Neha Jain V/s ........Respondent Chhaya Gupta, RP of JSM Devcons India Pvt Ltd Coram:

Hon’ble Shri Brajendra Mani Tripathi, Member (J)

Hon’ble Shri Man Mohan Gupta Member (T)

ORDER Delivered on 13/01/2026 The case is fixed for pronouncement of the order. The order is pronounced in open Court vide separate sheet.

Sd/- Sd/-

MAN MOHAN GUPTA BRAJENDRA MANI TRIPATHI MEMBER (TECHNICAL) MEMBER (JUDICIAL)

Neeraj

[CP (IB) No. 192 (MP) of 2017]

Date of Order: 13.01.2026 IN THE NATIONAL COMPANY LAW TRIBUNAL INDORE BENCH IA No. 251 of 2024 in TP No. 230 of 2019 [CP (IB) No. 192 (MP) of 2017]

(An Application filed under Section 60(5) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, read with Rule 11 of the National Company Law Tribunal Rules, 2016.)

IN THE MATTER OF:

Mrs. Neha Jain W/o Shri Ankush Jain Address: 85, Gumasta Nagar, Indore, M.P.

........Applicant V/s Mrs. Chhaya Gupta RP of JSM Devcons India Private Limited Address: 1, Bima Nagar, 202, Almas Dreams Apartment, Indore, M.P. 452018.

........Respondent Order pronounced on: 13.01.2026 IN THE MAIN MATTER OF:

Daimler Financial Services Pvt. Ltd. …Financial Creditor VS JSM Devcons India Pvt. Ltd. …Corporate Debtor [CP (IB) No. 192 (MP) of 2017]

Date of Order: 13.01.2026 Coram:

Mr. Brajendra Mani Tripathi, Hon’ble Member (J)

Mr. Man Mohan Gupta, Hon’ble Member (T)

Appearance:

For the Applicant : Ms. Teena Saraswat Pandey, PCA For the Respondent : Mrs. Chhaya Gupta, RP

O R D E R

1. The present Application, filed on 16.05.2024, under Section 60(5) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 (the ‘IBC, 2016’) read with Rule 11 of the National Company Law Tribunal Rules 2016 (the ‘Rules, 2016’), by Mrs. Neha Jain (the ‘Applicant’), against Mrs. Chhaya Gupta (the ‘Respondent’) Resolution Professional (RP) of M/s JSM Devcons India Private Limited (the ‘Corporate Debtor’), for seeking directions as given below:

a) To direct the Respondent/RP that the plot legally owned by the Third Party be excluded from the assets/ Information Memorandum of the CD. The details of plot are below:

details of plot are below:

details of plot are below:

details of plot are below:

details of plot are below:

b) To direct the Respondent/RP to accept and admit the claim of the [CP (IB) No. 192 (MP) of 2017]

Date of Order: 13.01.2026 Applicant in totality.

c) To direct the Respondent/RP to handover the possession of the plot owned by the Applicant in view of Sec 18 (f) of IBC 2016, being third party property is not part of the assets of the CD.

d) Pass any further order(s) as this Tribunal deem fit and proper.

2. This Adjudicating Authority, vide order dated 12.04.2019 passed in TP No.

230 of 2019 [CP (IB) No. 192 of 2017], admitted M/s JSM Devcons India Private Limited (“the Corporate Debtor”) into the CIRP and appointed Mr. Vineet Agrawal as the Interim Resolution Professional (IRP). Further, vide order dated 06.07.2023 passed by this Adjudicating Authority, Mr. Vineet Agrawal was replaced, and Ms. Chaya Gupta was appointed as the Resolution Professional (RP).

3. The Applicant case in brief is:

a) The App

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