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2024 Supreme(Online)(NGT) 3091

NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL PUNE (WESTERN ZONE BENCH)
Dinesh Kumar Singh, Judicial Member, Vijay Kulkarni, Expert Member
Linet Nunes – Appellant
Versus
Goa Coastal Zone Management Authority – Respondent
APPEAL NO.48 OF 2016 (WZ)



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Shivan Desai, Shivshankar Swaminathan, Gajanan Koregaonkar
For the Respondents: Dhruv Tank, Abhay A. Anturkar, Kashinath Shetye, Aagney Sail

Claimant bears onus to prove pre-1991 structure existence and commercial use in CRZ NDZ via cogent evidence like licenses; disputed documents insufficient; unpermitted modifications warrant demolition.

Headnote:(A) Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991; CRZ Notification, 2011 - Structures in No Development Zone (NDZ) - Appeal against demolition order for G+1 restaurant structure in NDZ - Appellant claimed pre-1991 existence based on tax receipts, gut book, talathi report, deputy collector report, and inquiry committee findings - Respondent authority relied on site inspection report finding permanent structure without approvals, Google images (2003) showing no structure, disputed documents (forged emblem/telephone in 1982 certificate), torn gut book, and absence of commercial operation proof pre-1991 - Onus on appellant to prove pre-1991 existence and commercial use via permissions/licenses not discharged - Even if small pre-1991 structure existed, substantial modification into large commercial entity without approvals constitutes violation - Principles of natural justice not violated as representative present at inspection and prior hearings afforded, no specific errors in inspection report alleged (Paras 1-6, 9-17, 29-50).

(B) Principles of Natural Justice - Failure to supply post-inspection report and hold further hearing - Cure unavailable if appellate authority re-hears de novo per Supreme Court directions - No prejudice shown absent identified errors in report (Paras 44-47).

Facts of the case:
Appellant challenged demolition order for restaurant extending across survey plots in NDZ, claiming pre-1991 structure based on documents; authority found permanent unauthorized construction post-1991 via inspection, rejecting documents as unreliable/forged, no commercial evidence pre-1991; matter re-heard per Supreme Court order.

Findings of Court:
Documents unreliable (tax receipts for distant property, forged certificates, torn gut book contradicting official records showing no structure); inspection confirmed permanent NDZ violation without approvals; onus unmet.

Issues: Whether structure existed and was used commercially pre-1991; violation of natural justice in procedure; legality of demolition in NDZ without permissions.

Ratio Decidendi: Burden on claimant to prove pre-1991 existence and commercial use in NDZ via cogent evidence including licenses; disputed/torn documents insufficient; substantial unpermitted modifications justify demolition; natural justice satisfied where representative attends inspection and no report errors alleged.

Result: Appeal dismissed. No order as to costs. (Para 58)

Table of Content
1. background of illegal crz structure demolition order. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. gczma denies pre-1991 existence; documents unreliable. (Para 6 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 16 , 17)
3. inquiry reports conflicted; post-inspection demolition justified. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20)
4. appellant's documents forged; commercial use post-1991. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
5. court rejects appellant's pre-1991 structure evidence. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41)
6. inspection report valid; no natural justice violation. (Para 42 , 43 , 44 , 45)
7. burden on appellant unmet; no permissions for expansion. (Para 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57)
8. appeal dismissed; demolition order upheld. (Para 58 , 59)

JUDGMENT

1. This appeal has been preferred against the order dated 21.07.2016, passed by respondent No.1-GCZMA, ordering appellant to demolish illegal structure G+1, standing on Survey No.42/10 of village Anjuna, Bardez, Goa, which was further extended into adjacent plots Survey Nos.42/9, 11, 45/19 and 45/41 of village Anjuna and restore the land to its original condition.

2. The facts of this case, in brief, are that the appellant is owner of the restaurant named and styled as “Curlis Restaurant”, situated on the property as mentioned in paragraph No.3 of the memo of appeal, which is G+1, being run from last several years. The said structure has been in existence in the survey number in question since prior to coming into force of CRZ Notification, 1991 and is being operated in the existing house. A complaint was made by respondent No.2 – Kashinath Jairam Shetye on 17.08.2015, pursuant to which, a show-cause notice dated 31.08.2015 was issued to the brother of the appellant – Edwin Nunes, alleging therein that illegal construction has been carried out in Survey Nos.42/10, 42/9 and 42/11 and to show reasons as to why the said restaurant should not be ordered to be demolished. Another complaint dated 26.08.2015 was moved by one Sagardeep Sirsaikar – respondent No.7. A response to the said notice was given by the appellant’s brother on 03.11.2015 placing on record the documents to establish that the structure in question had been in existence prior to coming into force of CRZ Notification, 1991. These documents were (i) House Tax records; (ii) Gut Book of the Panchayat; (iii) Report of the Talathi and (iv) Report of Dy. Collector.

3. An enquiry was ordered to be conducted of the Inquiry Committee of GCZMA, which came to the conclusion that the restaurant premises were in existence with the structures prior to 1991. The report is annexed as Annexure-E from pages 100 to 104 of the paper-book. It is further stated that the said structure existed prior to 1991 is also established from survey plan issued by the Directorate of Settlement and Land Records, Goa, which is annexed as Annexure-F at page 105 of the paper-book. Pursuant to the complaint of respondent No.2 – Kasahinath Jairam Shetye and others before the Goa State Pollution Control Board (GSPCB), a show-cause notice dated 23.11.2015 was issued by GSPCB to the brother of the appellant – Edwin Nunes, calling upon him to apply for Consent to Operate and provide details pertaining to waste disposal, sewage treatment plant, water consumption and installation of oil and grease trap for kitchen waste, which was replied by him, stating therein that services of Sadekar Enviro Engineers P.Ltd were taken for the purposes of analysis of water samples pertaining to STP in the said restaurant and the report indicated that the parameters were as per the applicable Rules. It was also replied therein that the STP was in operation and that the steps were being taken to obtain Consent to Operate (CTO). The details pertaining to water consumption were also furnished. The GSPCB, vide order dated 15.02.2016, passed a direction under Section 33A of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 to close the operati

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