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2025 Supreme(Online)(Pat) 1372

PATNA HIGH COURT
JITENDRA KUMAR, J
Suman Devi @ Suman Gupta – Appellant
Versus
The State of Bihar – Respondent
CRIMINAL REVISION No.1080 of 2019 | Maintenance Case No. 156 of 2013



Advocates:
For the Petitioners:Mr. Pankaj Kumar Dubey, Advocate
For the State: Mr. Chandra Sen Prasad Singh, APP
For the O.P. No.2:Mr. Ranjeet Kumar Pandey, Advocate
Amicus Curiae:Mr. Ajay Kumar Thakur, Advocate

Wife and legitimate child are entitled to maintenance unless proven living in adultery, with allegations requiring strong substantiation.

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 125 - Maintenance - Petitioners (wife and minor child) denied maintenance by Family Court; finding of wife living in adultery and child not being the legitimate son. However, Court clarifies adjudication of legitimacy affirmed based on marriage subsistence and lack of proof of adultery beyond mere allegations. (Paras 35, 36, 51)

(B) The law holds that a legally wedded wife is entitled to maintenance unless living in adultery, and children born during valid marriage are legitimate regardless of paternity disputes. Therefore, the petitioners were declared entitled to maintenance. (Paras 54, 58)

Facts of the case:
The wife petitioned for maintenance, alleging abandonment and mistreatment by her husband in the Indian Navy, denying her claims of prior pregnancy. The husband countered with allegations of his wife's alleged infidelity and questioned his son's legitimacy based on DNA evidence which was deemed inadmissible. (Paras 2, 4, 41)

Findings of Court:
The High Court found the denial of maintenance unjustified, ruling both petitioners were entitled to maintenance of Rs.3,000/- each per month from the date of application, and awarding Rs.50,000/- for litigation costs. (Paras 58, 64)

Issues: The principal issues were centered around the legitimacy of the child and the justification for the denial of maintenance based on alleged adultery of the wife. (Paras 15, 28)

Ratio Decidendi: The judgment emphasized that mere allegations without substantiated proof cannot form grounds for denying maintenance; all evidence must be scrutinized before declaring a party unworthy of support. (Paras 34, 40)

Result: The previous order was set aside. Respondent ordered to pay maintenance to the petitioners amounting to Rs.3,000/- monthly each plus litigation costs.

Table of Content
1. petitioners' application for maintenance and claims outlined (Para 2 , 3 , 4)
2. opposite party no. 2's defense and claims against maintenance established (Para 5 , 6 , 7 , 17)
3. court's ruling on marriage validity, maintenance eligibility (Para 11 , 35 , 41)
4. final maintenance orders and liabilities (Para 36 , 56)

CAV JUDGMENT

Date : 18-03-2025

The present revision petition has been preferred by the petitioners against the impugned order dated 22.06.2019, passed by learned Principal Judge, Family Court, Gopalganj, in Maintenance Case No. 156 of 2013, C.I.S. Reg. No.751 of 2013, whereby learned Principal Judge has dismissed the application of the petitioners under Section 125 Cr.PC for maintenance.

2. The factual background of the case is that the petitioners herein filed one application bearing Misc. Case 156 of 2013 under Section 125 Cr.PC on 12.08.2013 in the Court of Principal Judge, Family Court, Gopalganj, against the Opposite Party No. 2 herein seeking maintenance, stating therein that the petitioner No. 1 is married to Opposite Party No. 2 on 6.3.2012 as per Hindu rites and customs and petitioner No. 2 is the son born out of the wedlock.

3. As per further statement, petitioner No. 1 joined the matrimonial home of her husband/Opposite Party No. 2 on 8.3.2012. On 21.8.2012, she was taken by her husband/Opposite Party No. 2 to Mumbai where he was working in Indian Navy having monthly Salary of Rs. 35,000/-. After birth of the son/petitioner No. 2, the Opposite Party No. 2/husband started harassing her in different ways. He used to even abuse and beat her. The Opposite Party No. 2 also developed illicit relationship with one lady. He subjected the petitioner No. 1/wife to beating on several occasions and ultimately on 19.01.2013, she along with her son was ousted from the matrimonial home. Thereafter, she went back to her Maikey. Subsequently, one panchayati was held at the house of Opposite Party No. 2 and there was a settlement between both parties. As per settlement, the petitioner No. 1 along with her son again started living with her husband, but again on 18.04.2013, she was ousted from the matrimonial home by the Opposite Party No. 2/husband and since then she is living at her parent’s house.

4. It is also stated that the petitioners have no means to maintain themselves, whereas the Opposite Party No.2 is a government employee earning 35,000/- rupees per month and also having ten bighas of agricultural land earning annual income of Rs. 2,00,000/- from the cultivation. The Opposite Party No. 2 has also market place in Lucknow getting monthly rent or Rs. 25,000/-. The petitioners have claimed for 20,000/- per month for their maintenance from O.P. No. 2.

5. On notice, the Opposite Party No. 2 appeared and filed his written statement wherein he has taken objection that the petitioners are not entitled to get any maintenance, claiming that the petitioner No. 1/wife was already pregnant prior to the marriage with someone else and she concealed her previous pregnancy from him at the time of her marriage with him and petitioner No. 2 is born out of that pregnancy and hence, he is not his legitimate son. After the birth of petitioner No. 2, DNA test was conducted which confirmed that he is not his son. It is also claimed that his wife/petitioner No. 1 is still living in adultery.

6. He has admitted that he is doing service in Indian Navy in class ‘D’, but he has denied that his monthly income is of Rs. 35,000/- and claims that his take home salary is only Rs.10,000/- after all deductions and payment of installment of bank loan. He has also claimed that his wife is a beautician and runs a beauty parlour having monthly income of Rs. 25,000/-.

7. He has also stated that he has filed one matrimonial petition under Section 12 of the Hindu Marriage Act for annulment of the marriage.

8. During trial following witnesses have been examined on behalf of the petitioner:-

(i) P.W.-1 – Pradeep Gupta, who is brother of Petitio

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