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2026 Supreme(Online)(Pat) 14423

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Purnendu Singh, J
Himanshu Kr. Pathak @ Mithiya Pathak – Appellant
Versus
State Of Bihar – Respondent
CRIMINAL APPEAL (SJ) No.775 of 2013



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Ajay Mukherjee, Ganesh Sharma
For the Respondents: Abhay Kumar

A conviction for an attempt to commit rape under Section 376/511 IPC requires cogent evidence of attempted penetration or clear overt acts. Without such evidence, merely acting to outrage modesty falls under Section 354 IPC, rendering a conviction for attempt to rape unsustainable.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 342, 354, 376/511 - Attempt to rape - Outraging modesty - Conviction of appellant under S.376 read with S.511 set aside - The prosecution failed to establish the ingredients of attempt to rape in the absence of evidence of penetration or medical corroboration - The acts attributed to the appellant, disclosed in the FIR and testimonies, fall within the ambit of outraging the modesty of a woman under S.354 IPC - Conviction under S.342 and S.376/511 IPC found unsustainable. (Paras 26, 28, 29).

Facts of the case:
On 19.01.2008, the informant visited a studio for photography. It is alleged that the appellant locked the door, stripped himself, and attempted to remove the informant's salwar with the intention to commit rape. The informant raised an alarm and her father opened the door, after which the accused fled. The trial court convicted the appellant for offences under S.342 and S.376/511 IPC, which was challenged in this criminal appeal.

Findings of Court:
The Court held that the prosecution failed to prove the charge of attempted rape as there was no medical evidence or sufficient ocular evidence of penetration. However, the actions described clearly constituted the offence of outraging modesty under S.354 IPC. Given the lack of evidence for the graver offence, the conviction and sentence were set aside.

Issues: Whether the conviction for the offence of attempt to commit rape under Section 376/511 of the IPC was sustainable in law based on the evidence provided by the prosecution.

Ratio Decidendi: In the absence of evidence of penetration or sufficient proof of an overt act constituting an attempt to commit rape, a conviction under S.376 read with S.511 cannot be sustained, even if the facts establish the use of criminal force to outrage the modesty of a woman under S.354 IPC.

Result: Appeal allowed; conviction and sentence set aside; appellant acquitted.

Table of Content
1. nature of the criminal appeal filed against conviction. (Para 1 , 2)
2. factual overview of the case and prosecution witness testimonies. (Para 3 , 4 , 15 , 16)
3. summary of rival arguments from appellant and state. (Para 5 , 6)
4. distinction between attempt to commit rape and outraging modesty. (Para 13 , 26 , 27 , 28)
5. standard of evidence and scrutiny of interested witnesses in sexual offences. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)
6. final outcome and acquittal orders. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32)

Heard Mr. Ajay Mukherjee along with Mr. Ganesh Sharma, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant and Mr. Abhay Kumar, learned APP for the State.

2. The present appeal has been filed under Section 374 (2) and 389(1) of Code of Criminal Procedure, challenging the judgment of conviction and order of sentence dated 31.10.2013 and 01.11.2013 passed by the learned Adhoc. Addl. Sessions Judge-I, Banka in S. T. No. 450/2009 arising out of Amarpur P.S. Case No.14/2008,, whereby and whereunder the appellant has been convicted for the offence punishable under Section 376/511 and 342 of the Indian Penal Code and has been sentenced to undergo Rigorous Imprisonment for a period of three years under Section 376/511 of IPC along with a fine of Rs.5,000/- and in default of payment of fine, to undergo further simple Imprisonment for one month. The appellant was further sentenced to undergo Imprisonment for a period of six months under Section 342 of the Indian Penal Code. Both the sentences were directed to run concurrently.

BRIEF FACTS OF THE CASE

3. The prosecution case, in brief, is that the informant has alleged that on 19.01.2008 at about 4:30 p.m., she accompanied her father to Amarpur for photography. The accused/appellant, who was the owner of Chhaya Studio, took the informant inside the studio and clicked her photograph. Thereafter, he asked her father to view his daughter's photograph on the computer and closed the door of the studio from inside. It is alleged that the accused then started touching the informant's body and attempted to remove/open her salwar with the intention to commit rape. On the informant raising an alarm, her father came to the door and attempted to open it. Thereupon, the accused opened the door and fled from the studio. Many people gather there after hearing the Hulla.

4. On the basis of the statement of the informant, the F.I.R being Amarpur P.S. Case No.14 of 2008 dated 20.01.2008 was registered for the offences under sections 342, 376/511 of the Indian Penal Code. After institution of the FIR, the police proceeded with the investigation and after completion of investigation, charge-sheet was submitted. Thereafter, the trial court took cognizance against the appellants and the case was committed to the Court of Sessions for trial, whereby he was convicted against which the present appeal has been filed.

ARGUMENT ON BEHALF OF THE APPELLANT

5. Learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant submitted that the impugned judgment of conviction dated 31.10.2013 and order of sentence dated 01.11.2013 passed by the learned Adhoc Additional Sessions Judge- I, Banka in S.T. No. 450/2009 is illegal, perverse and unsustainable in law. Learned counsel further contended that the alleged occurrence took place on 19.01.2008 whereas the FIR was lodged on 20.01.2008 and the prosecution failed to offer any satisfactory explanation for such delay.

ARGUMENT ON BEHALF OF THE STATE

6. Learned APP appearing for the State while opposing the appeal submitted that the trial court after considering all the evidences on record and exhibits held that the offences alleged against the appellant appears to be serious in nature.

7. Heard the parties.

8. I have perused the lower court records and proceedings and also taken note of the arguments canvassed by learned counsel appearing on behalf of the parties.

9. The learned trial court, on the basis of materials as collected during the course of investigati

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