IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH Date of Decision:22.05.2026 M/S DASHMESH EDUCATIONAL CHARITABLE TRUST … Petitioner Versus NAND KISHOR AND ANOTHER ... Respondents -.-

CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VIRINDER AGGARWAL Present:- Mr. Charanji Lal, Advocate for the petitioner.

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VIRINDER AGGARWAL , J . (Oral)

1. The present revision petition has been instituted under Article 227 of the Constitution of India invoking the supervisory jurisdiction of this Court to assail the order dated 15.12.2025, whereby the application preferred by the petitioner under Order VII Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (for short, “CPC”) seeking rejection of the plaint came to be dismissed by the learned trial Court.

2. The factual background giving rise to the present proceedings, in a concise form, is that the respondent-plaintiffs instituted a civil suit seeking possession by way of partition along with relief of mandatory injunction and consequential relief of permanent injunction. During the pendency of the suit, the petitioner-defendant moved an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC seeking rejection of the plaint, inter alia, on the grounds that the suit was barred by limitation; that the petitioner had perfected his title by way of adverse possession; that the respondent-

plaintiffs had no subsisting cause of action; that the suit was barred under the provisions of Section 158 of the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887; that the suit suffered from the defect of partial partition; and that the requisite ad valorem court fee had not been paid.

3. The said application, upon contest by the parties, came to be dismissed by the learned trial Court vide the impugned order. Aggrieved by the said determination, the petitioner has approached this Court by way of the present revision petition.

4. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner contended that the impugned order suffers from patent illegality and is legally unsustainable, inasmuch as the learned trial Court failed to properly appreciate that the jurisdiction of the Civil Court stood expressly barred by virtue of Section 158 of the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887. It was argued that the suit property being agricultural land, partition thereof could only be effected by the competent revenue authorities in accordance with Section 111 of the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887. It was further contended that the learned trial Court erred in holding that limitation constituted a mixed question of law and fact without considering the specific plea raised by the petitioner regarding perfection of title by adverse possession. It was argued that the finding of the learned trial Court that no plea of adverse possession can be raised against a co-owner is legally erroneous and contrary to settled principles of law.

4.1. It was further contended that since the respondent-plaintiffs had sought separate possession of the suit property, payment of ad valorem court fee was mandatory and the suit, in its present form, was not maintainable. It was also argued that the plaint failed to disclose any valid cause of action warranting continuation of the proceedings.

4.2. Per contra, it was observed by the learned trial Court that while adjudicating an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC, the Court is required to confine itself exclusively to the averments contained in the plaint and the documents relied upon by the plaintiffs. The learned trial Court rightly concluded that the plea regarding adverse possession and the consequent extinguishment of the plaintiffs' right to claim ownership constituted questions requiring adjudication on evidence and could not be conclusively determined at the threshold stage. The plea of adverse possession necessarily involved factual determination concerning the nature, continuity, and hostile character of possession, which required evidentiary examination.

4.3. Insofar as the issue regarding payment of ad valorem court fee is concerned, the learned trial Court corr