The National Green Tribunal's failure to provide the appellant with an opportunity to be heard constitutes a violation of natural justice, making its orders unsustainable.

J U D G M E N T

B.R. GAVAI, J.

CIVIL APPEAL NO(S). 1711-1712/2021

1. These appeals challenge the order dated 07.04.2021 passed by the National Green Tribunal (NGT), vide which the NGT has held that the appellant had committed a violation of the provisions of Environment Protection Act . The Court found that the appellant had failed to install the online flow meter in CS2 stacks to quantify the CS2 emissions. It also found that the acid produced which is a by-product of the process employed by the appellant was hazardous to the environment. The NGT, therefore, on different counts imposed penalty of Rs.75,00,000/- each.

2. We have heard Shri Neeraj Kishan Kaul, learned senior counsel for the appellant and Shri Raghav Sharma, learned counsel appearing for Respondent No.1/State of Madhya Pradesh through Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board and Shri Rahul Pratap, learned counsel appearing for Respondent No.2.

3. Though, Shri Neeraj Kishan Kaul, learned Senior Counsel, submits that there is no violation as found by the learned NGT, we find that the present appeals deserve to be allowed on the following short ground.

4. After the NGT entertained the O.A. on the basis of the letter addressed by Respondent No.1, it initially directed the plant of the appellant to be examined by the State Pollution Control Board. After the receipt of the report of the State Pollution Control Board, the Court appointed a Joint Committee to give its report. The said Joint Committee made certain recommendations and the NGT passed the impugned order on the basis of the said recommendations.

5. The material placed on record would also reveal that the appellant herein was not made a party to the proceedings before the learned NGT or before the Joint Committee. Though an application for impleadment was filed by the appellant, the same was rejected by the learned NGT.

6. It further appears that even the Joint Committee appointed by the NGT neither gave any notice to the appellant nor an opportunity was given of being heard. Though, this objection was specifically taken by the appellant, the NGT observed “We asked the learned Counsel whether the stand of the unit is that the violations found never existed or whether they existed but have been remedied. His answer is later. It is patent that there were violations”.

7. It is thus clear that the procedure followed by the learned NGT was totally unknown to the settled principles of natural justice.

8. Neither was any notice given by the Joint Committee before giving an adverse report against the appellant nor the NGT permitted impleadment of the appellant as a party respondent. As a matter of fact, the NGT could not have proceeded further with the matter even at the initial stage without impleading the appellant herein as a party respondent. The approach adopted by the NGT clearly smacks of condemning a person unheard. A reliance in this respect should be placed on the judgment of this Court in the case of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai v. Ankita Sinha and Others ,(2022) 13 SCC 401 : 2021 INSC 624 .

9. Another glaring error that has been committed by the NGT is that it has based its decision only on the basis of the report of the Joint Committee. The NGT is a tribunal constituted under the National Green Tribunal Act of 2010. A tribunal is required to arrive at its decision by fully considering the facts and circumstances of the case before it. It cannot outsource an opinion and base its decision on such an opinion. A reliance in this respect should be placed on the judgment of this Court in Kantha Vibhag Yuva Koli Samaj Parivartan Trust and Others v. State of Gujarat and Others ,2022 SCC OnLine SC 120 : 2022 INSC 79 .

10. In that view of the matter, the impugned orders are not sustainable, the same are quashed and set aside and the matters are remitted back to the learned NGT for considering the matters afresh.

11. Needless to state that if the NGT decides to proceed further on the basis