JUDGMENT

Dr D Y CHANDRACHUD, J

1. The jurisdiction of this Court under Article 32 of the Constitution has been invoked by two cardiac surgeons. They are attached as Professors to the Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (CTVS) at the All India institute of Medical Sciences. Each of them, as indeed the Fourth respondent in relation to whom they raise a dispute, has an enviable record of service in AIIMS. Disputes in service are not a rarity, even among doctors. The distinguished service of the contesting doctors in the present case renders the task of the adjudicator unenviable. That one of them will rank senior is no reflection of the merit of the others. Life is not always equitable in assigning accolades.

2. The relief which the petitioners seek is a writ in the nature of mandamus directing the First respondent to determine their seniority in relation to the Fourth respondent in terms of a binding policy of 1997. They seek a direction that since their selection on 12 September 2005 as Additional Professors, they would rank senior to the Fourth respondent. The petitioners challenge the legality of the office memoranda dated 20 April 2010, 14 July 2017 and 24 August 2017 issued by the First respondent.

3. The first petitioner (Dr A K Bisoi), the second petitioner (Dr U K Chowdhury) and the Fourth respondent (Dr Shiv K Choudhary) were appointed by direct recruitment as Assistant Professors on 4 June 2003. On 1 July 2003, they were promoted as Associate Professors. On 23 September 2005, they were appointed by direct recruitment as Additional Professors. On 1 July 2010, they were promoted as Professors, a position which they now occupy. The seniormost will be designated as Head of Department of CTVS.

4. The Attorney General for India has placed on the record a tabular statement, reflecting the comparative position in the merit list and seniority, in each of the positions to which the petitioners and fourth respondent were appointed or, as the case may be, promoted. For convenience of reference, the statement is reproduced below:

The above statement would indicate that the Fourth respondent has consistently been ranked senior to the petitioners as Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Additional Professor and Professor. The appointment of all the three surgeons as Additional Professors was on 23 September 2005. For well over twelve years, the Fourth respondent has been placed senior to the Petitioners.

5. On 25 April 2005, four posts of Additional Professor were advertised in the department of CTVS, which were to be filled up through open selection. The shortlisted candidates were called for interview before a Selection Committee on 12 September 2005. The Selection Committee recorded the minutes of its decision in the following terms:

“ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

SELECTION COMMITTEE MEETING HELD ON 12^th SEPTEMBER 2005

Considering the performance of candidates and their records, and also the opinion of the technical advisers, the Committee recommends the following candidates for the post of Additional Professor of CTVS in order of merit including the candidates on the waiting list specified separately :-

1. Dr. Shiv Kumar Choudhary

2. Dr Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury

3. Dr. Akshya Kumar Bisoi WAITING LIST

1. Three extra increments recommended for each one of the above candidates.”

The Selection Committee consisted of seven persons. Among them were two experts drawn from outside. The grades which were allocated by each of the members of the Selection Committee to the contesting parties in the present case are tabulated below:

“Grades awarded by the Selection Committee for direct recruitment to the Post of Additional Professor, CTVS on 12.9.2005

The above chart would indicate that all the seven members of the Selection Committee, assigned an A+ grading to the First petitioner. Six members of the Selection Committee assigned an A+ grading to the Second petitioner and the Fourth respondent. One of the two experts who had rated t