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2026 Supreme(Online)(Tel) 13565

IN THE HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF TELANGANA AT HYDERABAD
Moushumi Bhattacharya, Gadi Praveen Kumar, JJ
P. Vijaya Lakshmi – Appellant
Versus
N. Krishna Rao – Respondent
W.P.No.21310 of 2004|W.P.No.22803 of 2004|W.P.No.22484 of 2006



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: K. Raghuveer Reddy
For the Respondents: V. Ravinder Rao, T.S.R. Praneeth, Sourabh Agarwal

In land grabbing disputes, once an applicant establishes prima facie title via registered sale deeds, the burden shifts to the respondents to prove superior title. Revenue entries or unapproved layouts cannot extinguish valid title, and a party cannot simultaneously claim ownership and adverse possession.

Headnote:(A) Andhra Pradesh Land Grabbing (Prohibition) Act, 1982 - Sections 2(d), 2(e) and 10 - Burden of Proof - Land Grabbing - Once an applicant prima facie establishes title to the property, the onus shifts to the respondents to prove a superior title or lawful entitlement - Mutation entries or unapproved layout plans do not create or extinguish title - Admitting execution of registered sale deeds precludes later objections regarding their validity or contents. (Paras 60, 62, 63)

(B) Evidence - Indian Evidence Act, 1872 - Sections 74, 76, and 77 - Admissibility of Documents - Certified copies of registered sale deeds are public documents and admissible in evidence - Once documents are marked in evidence without objection, their admissibility cannot be challenged at the appellate stage. (Paras 41, 42, 59)

(C) Property Law - Adverse Possession - Essential Elements - A party claiming adverse possession must prove hostile, open, and continuous possession in denial of the true owner's title - A claim of title and a claim of adverse possession are legally inconsistent and cannot be pleaded simultaneously. (Paras 63, 64)

Facts of the case:
The case arises from a dispute over land ownership where the applicant claimed title through registered sale deeds. The respondents contended they were bona fide purchasers with valid titles and further claimed they had perfected title through adverse possession. The applicant alleged the respondents were illegal occupants (land grabbers) based on a surveyor's report identifying encroachments, while the respondents argued the survey was invalid due to lack of notice and that the applicant had suppressed material facts regarding land acquisition for public infrastructure.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the applicant successfully proved title through registered sale deeds. The respondents' reliance on revenue mutation records and unapproved layout sketches was insufficient to counter substantive title. The court determined that the respondents' possession was not hostile in nature, failing the test for adverse possession, and that bona fide purchaser status cannot be invoked when the vendor possesses no valid title.

Issues: Whether the applicant proved valid title to the land, whether the respondents are "land grabbers" under the Act, and whether the respondents successfully established acquisition of title via adverse possession.

Ratio Decidendi: Once the execution of registered sale deeds is proved or admitted, a presumption of legality attaches to the documents. Revenue records only serve fiscal purposes and cannot override registered titles. Adverse possession requires a clear, unequivocal denial of the true owner's title, which was not demonstrated by those claiming through derivative sale deeds.

Result: Writ Petitions dismissed.

Table of Content
1. title verification through registered sale deeds and survey demarcations. (Para 3 , 6 , 8 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27)
2. nature of defenses including adverse possession and bona fide purchase. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
3. procedural compliance and validity of survey under the survey and boundaries act. (Para 35 , 36 , 44 , 45 , 58)
4. evidentiary value of mutation entries regarding ownership title. (Para 43 , 56 , 57)
5. burden of proof in land grabbing and the elements of adverse possession. (Para 49 , 51 , 52 , 63 , 64)
6. final confirmation of judgment due to lack of demonstrated perversity. (Para 62 , 66 , 67 , 68)

W.P.No.21310 of 2004

Between :

Ms.P.Vijaya Lakshmi and another

… Petitioners

And

1. N.Krishna Rao S/o Late Srinivasa Rao and 21 others.

… Respondents.

COMMON ORDER: (per Hon’ble Justice Gadi Praveen Kumar)

1. Since these Writ Petitions arise out of L.G.C.No.48 of 2000, they are being disposed of by this common order.

2. Heard Sri K.Raghuveer Reddy, learned counsel for the petitioners, and Sri V.Ravinder Rao, learned counsel duly assisted by Mr.T.S.R.Praneeth along with Sourabh Agarwal, learned counsel for the respondents in all these Writ Petitions.

3. The present Writ Petitions are filed seeking to issue a Writ of Certiorari to call for the records pertaining to judgment dated 15.10.2004 passed by the Special Court under the Andhra Pradesh Land Grabbing (Prohibition) Act, 1982 (for short, ‘the 1982 Act’) Hyderabad, in L.G.C.No.48 of 2000 and to quash the same as being illegal, arbitrary and contrary to the settled principles of law.

4. Among the respondents before the learned Special Court, respondent Nos.11, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 have filed W.P.No.22803 of 2006. Respondent Nos.15 and 16 have filed W.P.No.21310 of 2006. Respondent No.10 has filed W.P.No.22484 of 2006, assailing the common judgment in L.G.C.No.48 of 2000, while the remaining respondents have not challenged the said judgment.

5. The parties herein are referred to as per their status before the learned Special Court.

6. The case of the applicant. before the Special Court, in brief, is that he had purchased land admeasuring Acs.4.20 guntas equivalent to 21,780 square yards in Sy.No.101 of Katedan Village, Ranga Reddy District, under registered sale deeds dated 06.11.1963 and 26.03.1965, forming part of the schedule land in the LGC. His name was also mutated in the revenue records as possessor and pattadar. Subsequently, Sy.No.101 was sub-divided into 101/E of Katedan Village by the Survey and Settlement Department.

7. It is further stated that respondent Nos.1 to 5 in LGC claiming themselves to be owners and possessors of the schedule land created fictitious sale deeds in favour of respondent Nos.6 to 13 and got them registered in the Sub-Registrar’s office.

8. The applicant contended that for the purpose of construction of go downs for his factory, he requested the revenue authorities to demarcate the subject land, but in spite of long lapse of time, the authorities failed to comply with his request. Therefore, he filed W.P.No.13498 of 1995 before this Court, whereunder this Court directed the concerned authorities to demarcate the land. Pursuant thereto, on 21.05.1998, the Surveyor in the presence of Panchas identified and demarcated the land by fixing the boundaries. In the said survey report, the Surveyor clearly stated that respondent Nos.1 to 13 grabbed the portion of the applicant’s land and out of Acs.4.20 guntas, only an extent of Acs.2.37 guntas is in occupation of the applicant. It is contended that since respondent Nos.1 to 13 grabbed his land without any entitlement by creating fictitious documents, he filed LGC before the learned Special Court against the said respondents.

9. Resisting the above contentions, respondent No.1 in LGC filed his counter-affidavit before the learned Special Court and contended therein that the applicant is not the owner of Acs.4.20 guntas of land and he got only Acs.4.00 gu

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