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2026 Supreme(Online)(Tel) 14455

IN THE HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF TELANGANA AT HYDERABAD
Narsing Rao Nandikonda, J
S. Ram Reddy – Appellant
Versus
Kamini Sevaram Andhani – Respondent
CIVIL REVISION PETITION No. 2138 of 2019



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Anuj Raj, Rakesh Sanghi
For the Respondents: Ashok Kumar Agarwal

A party cannot use interlocutory applications for witness summons under Order XVI Rule 14 CPC to compel the opposing party to produce documents or provide evidence to prove the applicant's own case, especially when the evidentiary stage is largely complete and such powers are discretionary to the Court.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - O. XVI R. 1 and R. 14 - Burden of proof - Application to summon other party as witness - When held impermissible - Trial court rejected application for summoning plaintiffs to prove their financial sources - Held, parties must prove their respective cases; defendants cannot use power to summon to fill gaps in their evidence or harass plaintiffs. (Paras 15, 28, 30)

(B) Evidence Act, 1872 - S.114(g) - Adverse inference - Non-production of documents - Whether arises - Where witnesses already examined and trial progressed significantly, party cannot use summons to force production of documents that should have been filed earlier - Adverse inference for non-production is a matter for final adjudication, not a ground to compel witnesses via summons at a late stage. (Paras 27, 29)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiffs filed a suit for specific performance of agreements of sale. During trial, the defendants filed an application seeking to summon the plaintiffs as witnesses to prove the source of funds and allege that the transaction involved unaccounted (black) money, citing their failure to respond to a statutory notice requesting financial records.

Findings of Court:
The Court observed that the power to summon a party under O. XVI R. 14 is discretionary and must be exercised guardedly. Since the plaintiffs had already been cross-examined and the suit reached a mature stage, the defendants could not use the Court’s power to compel the plaintiffs to produce documents or act as witnesses to prove the defendants' own allegations.

Issues: Whether the trial court was justified in refusing to issue witness summons to the plaintiffs to produce financial records and give evidence regarding the legitimacy of their funds.

Ratio Decidendi: A party must prove its own case through available evidence and cannot compel the opposite party to provide evidence that supports the applicant's defense, especially when the case is at a late stage and witnesses have already been examined.

Result: Civil Revision Petition dismissed.

Table of Content
1. overview of the petition, nature of the suit, and the application filed by the defendants. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. contentions regarding the need to summon plaintiffs to prove source of funds and the trial court's rejection. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
3. legal arguments regarding burden of proof, adverse inference, and judicial precedents on summoning parties. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
4. court's final reasoning on discretion and the rejection of the appeal to compel witness summoning. (Para 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32)

O R D E R

This Civil Revision Petition is filed under Article 227 of the Constitution of India aggrieved by the Order and Decree dated 20.06.2019 in I.A.No.429 of 2019 in O.S.No.155 of 2011 passed by the learned VIII Additional District Judge, Rangareddy District, at L.B. Nagar.

2. Heard Sri Anuj Raj, learned counsel representing Sri Rakesh Sanghi, learned counsel for the revision petitioners and Sri Ashok Kumar Agarwal, learned counsel for the respondents. Perused the entire material on record.

3. For the sake of convenience, the parties hereinafter referred to, as they are arrayed before the Trial Court.

4. The brief facts of the case are that the respondents herein who are the plaintiffs filed the suit for the relief of specific performance of agreements of sale dated 07.02.2006 and 30.12.2008 and further, sought reliefs as under:

a) Defendant Nos.1, 2 and 8 to 11 be directed to execute the Registered sale deed in favour of the plaintiffs in respect of 2/3rd undivided share equivalent to 4114 Sq. yards out of 6171 Sq. Yards (Ac.1-11 guntas) in Sy.No.66/10/B, situated at Mansoorabad Village, Sarrornagar Mandal, Rangareddy District.

b) Costs of the suit be awarded.

i) (OR) alternatively defendant Nos. 1, 2 and 8 to 11 may be directed to pay the sum of Rs.1 crore to the plaintiff.

ii) interest @18% P.A. on Rs.60 lakhs from the date of suit till the date of realization and interest @ 18% P.A. on Rs.40 lakhs from 01.11.2011 till the date of realization.

c) Any other reliefs to which the plaintiffs are entitled to, me also to granted.

5. During the pendency of the suit, the petitioners herein/defendants therein have filed IA No.429 of 2019 under Order XVI Rule 1 r/w. Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure seeking issuance of witness summons to plaintiff Nos.1, 2, 4 and 5.

6. The brief facts of the said application are that the petitioners wanted to summon respondent Nos.1, 2, 4 and 5/plaintiffs as witnesses on the ground that the petitioners/defendants wanted to examine the respondents/plaintiffs to know the source of advance money and contended that the respondents/plaintiffs used the black money and were involved in investing the said black money for purchasing the properties in litigation.

7. Learned counsel for the petitioners/defendants argued that the respondents/plaintiffs were in the business of purchasing disputed properties by using black money. The contention of the petitioners/defendants that they issued a statutory notice dated 07.12.2017 requesting the respondents/plaintiffs to produce the mentioned documents for substantiating the bonafides of their suit claim as mentioned below:

i. The Plaintiffs may kindly produce the audited books all the individual Plaintiffs including the audited books of the Late Bavairan Andhani being maintained under Section. 44 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 for the contemporary period along with the tax returns and record along with financial records for co relating Bank Statements and commercial service tax returns and the entire financial proof to prove the entries in the said determining the Income and turnover of each individual agreement holder for the contemporary period.

ii. The Income Tax alongwith The Plaintiffs may kindly produce returns of each Plaintiff (agreement holder) schedules to the said Income Tax Returns and also the Income returns of the Late Savairam Andhani alongwith proof

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