[1] This is a medical negligence claim arising from the death of the late Suraya binti Rahmat ('the deceased') at Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru on 5 May 2009. She was 31 years old at the time of her death. The train of events that led to this tragic episode was set in motion when she was admitted to Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru ("HSA") on 13 February 2009. She had on that day been referred to the hospital by a private Obstetrics and Gynaecology ("O & G") specialist Dr Chu Ah Onn (PW1) after she complained of bleeding for the previous six days and spotting on pad. Her urine pregnancy test had shown positive result, which means she was pregnant. After taking her medical history the HSA clerking doctor's impression was to rule out ectopic pregnancy with differential diagnosis of early pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy is pregnancy outside the uterus and differential diagnosis is diagnosis that one could consider after having formed a provisional diagnosis. According to Professor Kulenthran Arumugam (PW2) who is the Seni