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2013 MarsdenLR 2389

HIGH COURT MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR
SOUTH EAST ASIA SPECIAL ASSET MANAGEMENT BHD – Appellant
Versus
FOO SHYY FANG & ANOR – Respondent
[Civil Suit No: 24NCVC-523-02-2012]



Petitioner Advocates:TJ Lee ,Respondent Advocate: Mazliana Mazlan

Filing proof of debt under Bankruptcy Act does not surrender security rights of a secured creditor, allowing enforcement of statutory remedies to recover debts even against bankrupt defendants.

Headnote:(A) National Land Code 1965 - Sections 254, 256 - Bankruptcy Act 1967 - Section 8 - Foreclosure proceedings - Plaintiff sought to enforce statutory rights against bankrupt defendants for debt recovery through public auction - The charge under consideration involved mortgage security of property - Legal interpretation confirmed that the act of filing proof of debt does not equate to surrender of security under r 11 of Sch C - Court ruled the plaintiff retains rights to enforce the charge and recover debts. (Paras 1, 6, 14, 20, 22)

(B) Bankruptcy - Distinction between surrendering security and filing proof of debt - Section 8(2) allows secured creditors to realize security - Court rejected the argument that proof of debt constituted a surrender of rights. (Paras 12, 21)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff applied for enforcement of a mortgage charge against the defendants who were bankrupt, claiming RM539,934.46 in debts secured by property according to provisions of the National Land Code 1965 and the Bankruptcy Act 1967. (Paras 1-6)

Findings of Court:
The plaintiff retains rights to enforce the mortgage despite bankruptcy of defendants - The originating summons is allowed as they did not surrender the security by merely filing the proof of debt. (Paras 20-22)

Issues: Whether filing proof of debt constitutes surrender of security by secured creditors and the enforceability of the statutory remedy against bankrupt defendants. (Paras 6, 12)

Ratio Decidendi: The court determined that filing under r 11 of Sch C does not imply a waiver of security rights, thus secured creditors can enforce their rights to the property even after the debtors were declared bankrupt. (Paras 12, 20)

Result: Originating summons allowed; auction fixed.

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The court held that filing a proof of debt under Rule 11 of Schedule C does not amount to surrendering security and secured creditors may enforce their charge post-bankruptcy. (!) (!) - Section 8(2) of the Bankruptcy Act 1967 allows secured creditors to realize or deal with their security as if the act had not been passed, despite debtor's bankruptcy. (!) (!) - Schedule C outlines a secured creditor’s options: realize the security (Rule 9), surrender the security (Rule 10), or prove for the balance if neither realization nor surrender occurs (Rule 11). (!) (!) (!) - The Director General of Insolvency’s objections centered on whether filing proof of debt vests the property in insolvency, which the court rejected, distinguishing surrender (r 10) from filing proof (r 11). (!) (!) - The originating summons to enforce a mortgage/charge remains valid, and the plaintiff retains rights to enforce the charge and recover debts despite bankruptcy. (!) (!) - The court emphasized the ongoing applicability of s 8(2) and the non-surrender of security when invoking r 11 for secured creditors. (!) (!) - The case confirms that secured creditors can pursue statutory remedies such as foreclosure or public sale notwithstanding bankruptcy, subject to the prescriptions of Schedule C. (!) (!)

What is the effect of filing proof of debt under Rule 11 of Schedule C on the security rights of a secured creditor when the debtor is bankrupt?

What are the rights of a secured creditor to realize or deal with his security after a bankruptcy, and how does that interact with the Director General of Insolvency under Section 8(2) of the Bankruptcy Act?

What conditions determine whether filing a proof of debt constitutes surrender of security or preserves the security rights for enforcement of statutory remedies?


Table of Content
1. plaintiff seeks foreclosure of charged property. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. dispute on proof of debt and security surrender. (Para 6 , 8 , 12 , 14)
3. court analyzes secured creditor rights under bankruptcy. (Para 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 13)

[1] By the originating summons dated 29 February 2012 (encl 1), the plaintiff had applied to enforce their statutory remedy under the National Land Code 1965 , in respect of the charge which is commonly known as foreclosure proceedings to recover the loan due to the plaintiff by the defendants and to be carried out by way of public auction (s 254 read together with s 256 of the National Land Code 1965 and then read with O 83 of the Rules of the High 1980). The originating summons is supported by the affidavit affirmed on 27 February 2013 (encl 2), by En Paisal Ahmad, the Vice President of the plaintiff. The copy of the charge documents (Form 16A) (exh. PA1), the notice of demand dated 5 December 2011 (exh. PA2) and the statutory notice of default dated 25 January 2012 with respect to the charge (Form 16D) (exh. PA3) are exhibited. The reliefs applied for under the originating summons are as follows:

(1) Bahawa tanah di bawah No. H.S.(D) 94978, No: PT 7825, Mukim Rasah, Daerah Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. (selepas ini dirujuk sebagai 'tanah tersebut') dan yang digadaikan kepada plaintif di bawah Perserahan No: 3357-97, jilid 1249, Folio 67 (selepas ini dirujuk sebagai 'gadaian tersebut') dijual melalui lelongan awam di bawah Kanun Tanah Negara, 1965 untuk menjelaskan keseluruhan hutang yang perlu dibayar kepada plaintif pada tarikh perintah dibuat bersama-sama dengan faedah yang selepas dari itu sehingga tarikh penyelesaian sepenuhnya;

(2) Bahawa tarikh lelongan awam ditetapkan untuk menjalankan lelongan awam dan tarikh tersebut tidak kurang satu bulan dari tarikh perintah;

(3) Satu pelelong awam dilantik oleh Penolong Kanan Pendaftar untuk menjalankan lelongan awam tersebut;

(4) Supaya Penolong Kanan Pendaftar menetapkan satu harga rezab yang sama dengan nilai pasaran anggaran bagi tanah tersebut dengan tujuan menjalankan lelongan awam tersebut;

(5) Tawaran oleh bakal pembeli tidak dibenarkan pada lelongan awam tersebut sehingga mahkamah berpuas hati pada masa jualan itu bahawa bakal pembeli mempunyai jumlah bersamaan dengan 10% harga rezab;

(6) Sebaik sahaja ketukan tukul terakhir, jumlah penuh harga belian bolehlah dibayar terus kepada plaintif oleh pembeli yang berjaya 'selepas ini dirujuk sebagai pembeli'. Jika pembeli tidak berbuat demikian, jumlah yang dibayar sebagai deposit kepada plaintif dikreditkan dengan segera ke dalam akaun defendan-denfendan sementara menunggu penyelesaian baki harga belian;

(7) Baki harga belian tersebut hendaklah diselesaikan oleh pembeli tidak lewat daripada 120 hari dari tarikh jualan dan tempoh ini tidak boleh dilanjutkan;

(8) Sekiranya pembeli gagal membayar baki harga belian tersebut dalam tempoh yang ditentukan, jumlah yang telah dibayar sebagai deposit kepada plaintif akan dilucuthak dalam cara yang diperuntukkan dibawah s 267A Kanun Tanah Negara 1965;

(9) Bahawa plaintif diberi kebebasan untuk membuat tawaran di lelongan awam tersebut tanpa membayar apa-apa cagaran dan jika plaintif menjadi pembeli, diberi kebebasan untuk menolak harga belian terhadap jumlah yang tertunggak dalam gadaian tersebut termasuk kos dan perbelanjaan jualan dan juga segala kos terhutang dari defendan-defendan;

(10) Bahawa pihak-pihak berkuasa yang berkenaan mendaftarkan nama pembeli atau pembeli-pembeli sebagai pemilik atau pemilik-pemilik tanah tersebut bebas dari bebanan;

(11) Sekiranya lelongan awam tidak dapat dijalankan atau tidak dijalankan atas apa-apa jua sebab sekalipun, plaintif diberi kebebasan untuk memohon tarikh lelongan awam dan harga rezab yang baru;

(12) Kos ditaksirkan;

(13) Kebebasan untuk memohon; dan

(14) Lain-lain perintah sebagaimana Mahkamah Yang Mulia ini memandangkan sesuai.

[2] The charge documents (Form 16A) is dated 25 February 1997, pursuant to

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