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2014 MarsdenLR 2014

MAHKAMAH TINGGI MALAYA ALOR SETAR
AMBANG INDUSTRI SDN BHD LWN. YASMIN ENGINEERING (M) SDN BHD; AHMAD ZAKI SDN BHD (PIHAK KETIGA)
[Guaman Sivil No: 22NCvC-164-06/2012]



Courts generally permit amendments to pleadings unless they are made mala fide or unjustly prejudicial to the opposing party, ensuring that the real issues are determined.

Headnote:(A) Civil Procedure - Amendments - The court examined principles of amendment in civil claims referencing case law including Yamaha Motor Co Ltd v. Yamaha Malaysia Sdn Bhd and Alloy Consolidated Sdn Bhd v. Dato' Dr Haji Adam Harun. (Paras 6, 11, 20)

(B) The court confirmed the right to amend pleadings without penalizing parties for procedural errors, provided it does not cause injustice to the opposing party. (Paras 19, 23)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff was subcontracted for water works in a road upgrading project but claimed unpaid works totaling RM771,634.67 and liability damages. The defendant introduced a third party to counterclaim against him. (Paras 1-4)

Findings of Court:
The proposed amendments to the counterclaim were allowed as they clarified the claim without prejudice. (Paras 26)

Issues: Whether the proposed amendments satisfy the legal standards for amendment without causing injustice to the defendant.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that amendments should enable the resolution of the actual dispute and be allowed unless found mala fide or causing injustice.

Result: Application for amendment allowed without costs.

Table of Content
1. contractual relationships and claims asserted. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. guidance on amendment principles. (Para 6 , 7)
3. bona fide requirement for amendments. (Para 8 , 9)
4. timing and implications of amendments. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 18)
5. consequences of permitted amendments. (Para 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 25)
6. judgment allows amendments without costs. (Para 22)
Abu Bakar Katar PK:

[1] Melalui Surat Tawaran bertarikh 17 Jun 2006 yang dikeluarkan oleh defendan, plaintif telah dilantik bagi menjalankan kerja-kerja air [water works] ["kerja-kerja tersebut"] yang merupakan sebahagian daripada projek menaik taraf jalan Jitra melalui Kodiang ke Arau, Perlis.

[2] Bagi menjalankan kerja-kerja tersebut, plaintif adalah sub-kontraktor dan defendan adalah kontraktor utama yang mendapat tawaran kerja-kerja tersebut daripada Ahmad Zaki Resources Berhad, berdasarkan perjanjian utama antara Ahmad Zaki Resources Berhad dengan Jabatan Kerja Raya [JKR]. Plaintif dikatakan telah melaksanakan kerja-kerja tersebut. Defendan telah membayar RM2,738,615.00 kepada plaintif dan meninggalkan baki RM771,634.67 yang belum dijelaskan oleh defendan. Plaintif juga menuntut wang tahanan daripada defendan berjumlah RM146,395.51.

[3] Plaintif kemudiannya telah memfailkan writ dan penyata tuntutan terhadap defendan. Defendan telah mempertikaikan tuntutan plaintif dan telah memasukkan pihak ketiga iaitu Ahmad Zaki Sdn Bhd [AZSB]. AZSB telah mempertikaikan tuntutan defendan dan memfailkan tuntutan balas terhadap defendan akibat kemungkiran kontrak oleh defendan dan menuntut gantirugi yang dialaminya.

[4] Perbicaraan penuh telah diadakan dan pada 10 September 2013 pihak plaintif berjaya menutup kesnya. Selanjutnya pihak defendan menutup kesnya pada 11 September 2013. Perbicaraan bagi pihak ketiga diteruskan dan pada 4 Februari 2014 pihak ketiga berjaya menutup kesnya. Sebelum pihak-pihak memfailkan penghujahannya, pihak ketiga melalui Notis Permohonan [lampiran (87)] telah memohon agar untuk membuat pindaan kepada Tuntutan Balas pihak ketiga sebagaimana yang dicadangkan di "Lampiran A". Permohonan pihak ketiga ini disokong oleh afidavit sokongan [lampiran (88) dan afidavit ke-2 lampiran (92)]. Pihak defendan telah membantah permohonan pihak ketiga ini dan memfailkan afidavit jawapan [lampiran (89)].

[5] Pihak-pihak telah berhujah di hadapan Mahkamah ini, pada 12 Mac 2014 Mahkamah ini telah membenarkan lampiran (87) tanpa kos. Pihak defendan yang terkilan dengan keputusan Mahkamah ini telah memfailkan notis rayuan ke Mahkamah Rayuan, Malaysia.

[6] Mahkamah ini merujuk kes Hock Hua Bank Bhd v. Leong Yew Chin , [1987] 1 MLJ 230 di ms 232; [1987] CLJ 126 di mana YAA Abdul Hamid Ag LP, ada menyatakan prinsip-prinsip am berkaitan pindaan:

"As for the general principles for the granting of leave to amend:

"It is a guiding principle of cardinal importance on the question of amendment that, generally speaking, all such amendments ought to be made 'for the purpose of determining the real question in controversy between the parties to any proceedings or of correcting any defect or error in any proceedings' (see per Jenkins LJ in GL Bakar Ltd v. Medway Building & Supplies Ltd [1958] 1 WLR 1216, p 1231; [1958] 3 All ER 540, p 546).

It is a well established principle that the object of the Court is to decide the rights of the parties, and not to punish them for mistakes they make in the conduct of their cases by deciding otherwise than in accordance with their rights ... I know of no kind of error or mistake which, if not fraudulent or intended to overreach, the Court ought not to correct, if it can be done without injustice to the other party. Court do not exist for the sake of discipline, but for the sake of deciding matters in controversy, and I do not regard such amendment as a matter of favour or grace ... It seems to me that as soon as it appears that the way in which a party has framed his case will not lead to a decision of the real matt

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