RICHARD MALANJUM, ZULKEFLI MAKINUDIN, GOPAL SRI RAM
SIVARASA RASIAH – Appellant
Versus
BADAN PEGUAM MALAYSIA – Respondent
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. appellant's qualifications and disqualifications. (Para 1) |
| 2. challenge based on constitutional rights. (Para 2) |
| 3. methodology of interpreting constitutional rights. (Para 3 , 4 , 5) |
| 4. test for violation of constitutionally guaranteed rights. (Para 6 , 8) |
| 5. discussion of the malaysian bar as an 'association'. (Para 7 , 9 , 10) |
| 6. reasonable restrictions on fundamental rights. (Para 11 , 12 , 13) |
| 7. understanding personal liberty in context of membership. (Para 14 , 15 , 16) |
| 8. fairness in state action regarding fundamental rights. (Para 18 , 19 , 20) |
| 9. equality before law and equal protection of the law. (Para 21 , 22 , 23) |
| 10. application of equality clause in legislative context. (Para 24 , 25 , 26) |
| 11. proportionality in legislative actions. (Para 27 , 28 , 30) |
| 12. standards for evaluating arbitrary state actions. (Para 29 , 31 , 32) |
| 13. conclusion on validity of s. 46a. (Para 33) |
Gopal Sri Ram FCJ:
[1] The appellant is an advocate and solicitor. He is also an office bearer of a political party and a Member of Parliament. He wishes to stand for and, if elected, serve on the Bar Council which is the governing body of the Malaysian Bar. Section 46A (1) of the
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