Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation

2012 MarsdenLR 610

MAHKAMAH SESYEN KUANTAN
MOHAMED ZAIN IBRAHIM DAN YANG LAIN-LAIN LAGI LWN. ASIAN RENT A CAR SDN BHD DAN LAGI SATU
[No Saman: 53-124-2010]

Court reinforces that compensation for personal injuries should be proportional to the extent of negligence and the severity of injuries, taking into account medical evidence and precedent cases.

Headnote:(A) Negligence - Liability apportioned - Defendants found 90% liable, while first plaintiff 10% - Damages awarded for both special and general damages in accordance with agreements and expert reports - Proportionality and reasonableness in determining the quantum while considering past case precedents and medical evaluations - Key injuries included closed fractures and significant permanent disabilities, warranting specific awards. (Paras 1-13)

(B) Damages - Special damages quantified based on agreed receipts and expert medical reports - Future medical expenses outlined based on anticipated surgeries. (Paras 5-10)

(C) Permanent disabilities - Long-term implications on plaintiffs' quality of life taken into consideration for calculating awards. (Paras 6-10)

Facts of the case:
Plaintiffs sought compensation for injuries sustained due to negligence, leading to significant long-term disabilities and medical complications.

Findings of Court:
The court emphasized fair and justified compensation correlating with each plaintiff's injuries and future medical needs, ultimately determining awards totaling RM104,200, inclusive of special and general damages. (Paras 11-12)

Issues: The key issues revolved around the percentage of liability, appropriateness of damages awarded in relation to prior case law, and justification for both special and general damages in light of expert testimonies.

Ratio Decidendi: The court found that established precedents guided reasonable projections for each plaintiff's injuries, supporting the awards as consistent with previous rulings while addressing the gravity of their conditions.

Result: Damages awarded to all plaintiffs as analyzed and agreed upon, including future medical costs.

[1] Pada 27 Januari 2011, kedua-dua pihak telah merakam isu liabiliti. Defendan 1 dan Defendan 2 cuai 90% manakala Plaintif 1 cuai 10%. Defendan-defendan bertanggung cuai atas Plaintif Ke dua, Plaintif Ketiga dan Plaintif Ke empat sebanyak 100%. Kesemua laporan pakar telah dipersetujui tertakluk kepada hujahan. Laporan-laporan awal juga telah dipersetujui.

[2] Pada 5 Oktober 2011, kedua-dua pihak juga telah bersetuju bagi gantirugi khas untuk plaintif-plaintif. Oleh itu, Mahkamah mengawardkan sebagaimana yang telah dipersetujui pada 5 Oktober 2011 untuk gantirugi khas.

[3] Plaintif Ke 3 telah hadir memberikan keterangan untuk menuntut kos pembedahan masa hadapan di Bundle (c) ms 5 sehingga 23 dan laporan pakar defendan di Bundle D.

[4] Kuantum yang lain akan dihujahkan.

[5] Gantirugi Khas Plaintif 1.

Rujuk Bundle A ms 7

a) Dipersetujui RM100.00

b) Dipersetujui dibawah kos mengikut resit-resit dan bundle sebanyak RM62.00

c) Hingga (h) sebanyak RM1,500

i) Dipersetujui RM40.00

j) Dipersetuji RM150.00

k) Dipersetuui RM76.00

l) dan m) dipersetujui RM487.00

n) Dipersetujui RM393.00

o) Ditarik balik

p) Dipersetujui RM730.00 dibawah kos

q), r), s) tidak dibenarkan.

[6] Gantirugi Am Plaintif 1

Award untuk Gantirugi Am adalah berdasarkan dokumen-dokumen yang berikut:-

1. Laporan Perubatan bertarikh 12 Julai 2009 ke atas Mohamed Zain bin Ibrahim dari Hospital Kuala Lumpur

2. Laporan Perubatan Pakar Orthopedik bertarikh 22 Disember 2009 ke atas Mohamed Zain bin Ibrahim dari Teo Orthopaedic Clinic Sdn Bhd

3. Imaging Report bertarikh 16 Julai 2009 ke atas Mohamed Zain bin Ibrahim dari Sime Darby Specialist Centre Megah Sdn Bhd (ms 20-21 Ikatan A)

a. Close Fracture Right Femur

- Walked with a limp

- 1.5 cm shortening

- 2.0 muscle wasting right thigh

- 0.5 cm muscle wasting right calf

- Limitation of flexion of right knee joint

- Inability to squat fully

- Limitation of movement of right hip joint

- Deformity with a central "hole" within midshaft of femur

[6a] Setelah mengambil kira kes Saiffudin Kassim & Anor v. Mohamad Musa & Anor [2008] 2 PIR [12] di mana Mahkamah mengawardkan RM40,000.00 untuk kecederaan "Close Fracture Right Femur with 1.5 cm shortening", mahkamah memutuskan awad sejumlah RM40,000.00 adalah wajar dan adil.

b) Close Fracture Neck Right Femur

- irregular sclerosis of right femoral neck

- extra bony outgrowths noted around greater trochanter and neck as well

[6b] Setelah mengambilkira kes Ab Rahman Maidin v. Wahidah Md Shah [2007] 1 PIR [1] di mana Mahkamah mengawadkan RM35,000.00 untuk kecederaan "fracture of neck of left femur requiring total hip replacement", Mahkamah memutuskan award sejumlah RM20,000 adalah wajar dan adil memandangkan di dalam kes ini Plaintif 1 tidak perlu menjalani hip replacement.

[6c] Memandangkan kecederaan (a) dan (b) adalah di bahagian kaki yang sama maka adalah wajar di ambilkira pertindihan. Awad sejumlah RM54,000.00 (RM40,000 + RM20,000 = RM60,000 - 10%) untuk kedua-dua kecederaan (a) dan (b) adalah wajar.

[6d] Hujahan peguam defendan yang menyatakan satu award adalah berpatutan bagi kepatahan ini adalah ditolak. Ini adalah kerana 2 kepatahan ini adalah di dua tempat yang berlainan dan mempunyai natijah kesakitan yang berlainan.

c) Close Fracture Right Talus

- Swelling right ankle

- Limitation of dorsiflexion of right ankle joint

[6f] Mengambilkira kes Afandi Johari v. Samsul Abu Samah & Anor [2007] 1 PIR [27] di mana wang sejumlah RM14,000.00 telah diawardkan untuk kecederaan "fracture lateral cuneiform and neck of talus of right foot with stiffness of right ankle", award sejumlah RM10,000.00 adalah wajar dan adil untuk kepatahan ini kerana Plaintif 1 telah mengalami pergerakan buku lali yang sedikit terbatas.

d. Close Fracture Left Radius.

- Pain in left wrist on deep palpation

- 0.5 cm muscle wasting left arm

- 1.5 cm muscle wasting left forearm

- limitation of movement left forearm

- limitation of movement left wrist joint

- weakness of left hand

- inability to lift heavy objects

- unable to make full grip with left hand.

Mahkamah menga

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2012 MarsdenLR 610

MAHKAMAH SESYEN KUANTANMOHAMED ZAIN IBRAHIM DAN YANG LAIN-LAIN LAGI LWN. ASIAN RENT A CAR SDN BHD DAN LAGI SATU[No Saman: 53-124-2010]

Court reinforces that compensation for personal injuries should be proportional to the extent of negligence and the severity of injuries, taking into account medical evidence and precedent cases.

MAHKAMAH SESYEN KUANTAN
MOHAMED ZAIN IBRAHIM DAN YANG LAIN-LAIN LAGI LWN. ASIAN RENT A CAR SDN BHD DAN LAGI SATU
[No Saman: 53-124-2010]