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2018 MarsdenLR 922

COURT OF APPEAL PUTRAJAYA
LING KHEE MING – Appellant
Versus
LING SHEW KUE @ LING CHAI YUEN & ANOR – Respondent
[Civil Appeal No: N-02(NCVC)(W)-2555-12-2017]



Petitioner Advocates:Manian K Marappan ,Respondent Advocate: Krish Dillon

The court emphasized the need to avoid hindering access to justice in considering security for costs applications.

Headnote:In the matter of security for costs, the court analyzed the legislative framework under section 44 of the CJA 1964, r 27 of the RCA 1994, and O 23 of the ROC 2012 in determining access to justice. The application for security was contested based on the inability to pay, emphasizing the essential consideration of a litigant's means and the guarantee of just access to the courts. The court found the application for security for costs misconceived, noting that no enforcement proceedings for past costs had been initiated, and subsequently dismissed the application without costs.

Table of Content
1. application filed for security for costs under relevant sections. (Para 1 , 4)
2. access to justice is fundamental; financial means must be considered. (Para 2 , 3)
3. limitations on the applicability of external case law. (Para 5)

[1] The respondents in this appeal has filed an application for security for costs in reliance of s 44 of the Courts of Judicature Act 1964 (CJA 1964), r 27 of the Rules of of Appeal (RCA 1995) as well as O 23 of the Rules of High 2012 (ROC 2012). The application (encl 15) sets out the prayer as well as the grounds. For convenience, we inter alia repeat the application in verbatim and it read as follows:

"NOTIS USUL

(Jaminan untuk kos)

SILA AMBIL PERHATIAN bahawa pada 1 haribulan Jun, 2018 pukul 9 pagi/petang, atau dengan seberapa segera selepas itu yang dia boleh didengar, peguamcara bagi responden-responden yang dinamakan di atas akan mengusulkan Mahkamah supaya mahkamah membuat suatu perintah berdasarkan s 44 Akta Mahkamah Kehakiman 1964, k 27 Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah Rayuan 1994 dan A 23 Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012 dan untuk perintah-perintah, arahan-arahan, dan relif- relif bahawa:

1. Perayu membayar wang sebanyak RM40,000.00 atau suatu jumlah yang difikirkan adil oleh Mahkamah yang Mulia ini sebagai jaminan untuk kos dalam tempoh 14 hari dari tarikh perintah ini;

2. Rayuan ini dibatalkan sekiranya perayu-perayu gagal membayar wang jaminan yang ditetapkan oleh Mahkamah yang Mulia ini dalam tempoh empat belas (14) hari dari tarikh perintah ini;

3. Kos;

4. Apa-apa relif-relif dan/atau perintah selanjutnya yang difikirkan adil dan suaimanfaat oleh mahkamah yang Mulia ini.

Alasan ringkas bagi menyokong permohonan ini adalah seperti berikut:

1. Pada 17 November 2017, Mahkamah Tinggi Malaya di Seremban selepas mendengar keterangan saksi-saksi dan hujahan-hujahan kedua-dua pihak telah menolak tuntutan perayu dengan kos sebanyak RM40,000.00 dibayar kepada responden-responden.

2. Perayu kemudian merayu ke Mahkamah Rayuan melalui Notis Rayuan bertarikh 13 Disember 2017.

3. Peguam cara responden-responden telah menghantar notis bertarikh 19 Januari 2018 kepada peguamcara perayu supaya perayu membayar kos yang diawardkan oleh Mahkamah Tinggi, sekiranya tidak, responden- responden terpaksa memfailkan permohonan untuk jaminan kos.

4. Sehingga hari ini, perayu telah enggan, gagal dan ingkar untuk membayar kos yang jumlahnya sebanyak RM40,000.00.

5. Responden-responden akan diprejudiskan jika perayu tidak membayar kos yang telah diperintahkan serta tidak memberi sekuriti untuk kos bagi rayuan ini yang dianggarkan sebanyak RM20,000.00.

Alasan-alasan terperinci permohonan ini adalah seperti yang terangkum dalam Afidavit Sokongan Ling Shew Kue @ Ling Chai Yuen yang diikrarkan pada 13 Februari 2018 dan yang difailkan bersama-sama dengan permohonan ini."

Preliminaries And Observations

[2] When dealing with security for costs, courts and counsel must not forget that access to justice is a 'fundamental guarantee' under the Federal Constitution. The courts under the Federal Constitution are in place to give a right of hearing at all stages and not to create obstacle by reason of security for costs, etc in particular to the poor, needy and oppressed. Thus, the issue on security for costs cannot be arbitrarily exercised purely based on case laws without knowing the means of payment of the litigant whether it be a person and/or company. The need to consider the 'means of payment', in the context of the ability to pay security for costs to seek justice is an important criteria within the framework of the Federal Constitution as the Constitution is supreme and Acts such as CJA 1964 as well as Rules of Court are meant to facilitate the entrenched right of access to justice.

[3] In consequence, in opposing an application for security for costs at the appeal stage, it is incumbent for the respondent to aver that the appellant has the means to pay and where practical provide evidence of such means. Once such an averment is ther

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