JUDGMENT

Lim Chong Fong JCA:

Introduction

[1] These are four (4) related appeals that arose from three High Court suits pertaining to a money lending transaction.

[2] For clarity and convenience, the parties will be addressed below by their names abbreviated as follows:

Civil Suit No: PA-22NCVC-74-05/2018 KBH Marine Industry Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Pioneer Conglomerate Sdn Bhd & Ors And Other Cases
1st Plaintiff	KBH Marine;
2nd Plaintiff	SSH;
1st Defendant	Pioneer Conglomerate;
2nd Defendant	CSC;
3rd Defendant	TPC;
4th Defendant	YBL;
5th Defendant	TSG;
6th Defendant	LSA;
7th Defendant	KYY; and
8th Defendant	Ace Credit
Civil Suit No: PA-22NCvC-123-05/2019 KBH Marine Industry Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Pioneer Conglomerate Sdn Bhd & Ors And Other Cases
Plaintiff	Ace Credit;
1st Defendant	Pioneer Conglomerate;
2nd Defendant	CSC;
1st Third Party	KBH Marine;
2nd Third Party	SSH;
3rd Third Party	KES;
4th Third Party	KET
Civil Suit No: PA-22NCvC-11-04/2019 KBH Marine Industry Sdn Bhd & Anor v. Pioneer Conglomerate Sdn Bhd & Ors And Other Cases
Plaintiff	Pioneer Conglomerate;
Defendant	Ace Credit.

[3] We heard the appeals on 16 July 2025 and thereafter adjourned our decision to deliberate particularly on the difficult issues of law that have arise