JUDGMENT

Atan Mustafa Yussof Ahmad J:

Introduction

[1] Before the court is a case involving a complex interplay of banking law, contractual obligations, and third-party fraud. The plaintiff, Pax Investments Limited (In Liquidation), a foreign company incorporated in Jersey, Channel Islands, has sued the defendant, Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Berhad, for breaches of contract and negligence following the loss of funds from its account through court proceedings initiated by third parties.

[2] The case raises significant questions about the scope of a bank's duty of care to its customers, particularly in relation to its customer due diligence procedures and compliance with court orders. It also examines the responsibilities of financial institutions when processing transactions that affect their customers' accounts and the standard of communication expected in such circumstances.

[3] The dispute centres on the bank's handling of two key events: first, the extended freezing of the plaintiff's Bank Account during a due diligence process that spanned several years, and second, the bank's subsequent release of substantial funds pursuant to a court order obtained by third parties. These eve