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2024 MarsdenLR 2379
MAHKAMAH SESYEN (KOTA TINGGI)
HAYDA FARIDZAL ABU HASAN, J
Hairul Azwan bin Ahamad dan lain-lain lwn – Plaintiff
Versus
Mohd Norhidayat bin Mohd Nor – Defendant
GUAMAN SIVIL NO JH-A53KJ-1-01 TAHUN 2020
Damages in tort are compensatory to restore the injured party to their pre-tort position and are not meant to enrich the injured party.
Headnote:(A) Tort Law - General and Special Damages - Liability was agreed at 85% for the Defendant and 15% for the Plaintiff. Total damages assessed included general damages of RM298,000 and special damages of RM6,314,513.36. The Defendant ordered to pay RM253,300 in general damages and RM5,367,336.36 in special damages, with 5% interest on both from the date of the writ and date of judgment. (Paras 2, 5, 14, 15)
(B) Principles of Damages - Damages are compensatory, not punitive, to restore the injured party to the position prior to the tort. Compensation must be fair and reasonable, as stated in previous cases referenced in the judgment. (Paras 6, 7, 12, 13)
Facts of the case:
The Plaintiffs sought damages for injuries sustained in a road traffic accident involving a motor van and motorcycle, occurring on 7 May 2015. Witnesses included an expert prosthetist to support claims for prosthetic limbs. (Paras 1, 3)
Findings of Court:
The court awarded damages based on the principles of compensation, considering both general and special damages assessed. (Paras 14, 15)
Issues: The main issues addressed included the assessment of damages in tort and the determination of liability.
Ratio Decidendi: The court substantiated the assessment of damages based on legal precedents and expert testimony, emphasizing that compensation should not unjustly enrich the injured party but restore them to their pre-accident state. (Paras 6-12)
Result: The Defendant is liable to pay the said damages, along with applicable interests.
| Table of Content |
|---|
| 1. agreement on liability percentages. (Para 1 , 2) |
| 2. witnesses and appeal context. (Para 3 , 4) |
| 3. court focuses on quantum issues. (Para 5) |
| 4. principles guiding general damages. (Para 6 , 8 , 10) |
| 5. basis of special damages assessment. (Para 12 , 13) |
| 6. assessment of costs and interest. (Para 14 , 15) |
Kedua-dua pihak telah bersetuju atas isu liabiliti iaitu Defendan menanggung 85% liabiliti dan Plaintif menanggung 15% liabiliti. Kes telah ditetapkan untuk taksiran dan hujahan ke atas isu kuantum dan kemudiannya telah ditetapkan untuk keputusan pada hari ini melalui e- review dan setelah meneliti hujahan-hujahan kedua-dua pihak maka adalah dihakimi bahawa Defendan hendaklah membayar kepada Plaintif Pertama gantirugi am dan gantirugi khas (atas 100% liabiliti) seperti berikut:
Plaintif Pertama
1. Gantirugi Am
(a)Open transverse fracture of right midshaft hunerus gustillo 3b with severe soft tissue injury and radial nerve torn and right shoulder disarticulation/amputated right upper limb = RM110,000
(b)Open communited fracture of midshaft right femur gustillo 3b with severe soft tissue injury and bone loss, open communited fracture of tibial plateau schatzker 6 gustillo 3A with internal degloving wound and open communited fracture proximal of right fibula and right transfemoral amputation/right above knee amputation = RM160,000
(c)Laceration wound to the scalp, bruises to the right upper eyelid, deep laceration wound right humerus 15 x 10cm with muscles torn and bone exposed, deep laceration wound lateral thigh 20 x 10cm, deep laceration wound medial thigh 24 x 15cm, laceration wound anterior thigh 4 x 2cm, laceration wound anterior 1/3 right leg 4 x 5cm and anterior degloving medial midshin 3cm = RM8,000
(d)Multiple permanent and disfigured scars a 6 x 8cm hypertropic scar over the amputated site of the right shoulder, a 25 x 3cm hypertropic scar over the anterior aspect of the amputated site of the right thigh, a 2 x 1cm hyperpigmented scar over the anterior aspect of the right thigh, a 2 x 2cm keloidic scar over the medial aspect of the left knee, a 1 x 1cm keloidic scar over the medial aspect of the left leg = RM20,000
Jumlah keseluruhan gantirugi am adalah sebanyak RM298,000
2. Gantirugi Khas
(a)Kos tangan palsu - bionic hand = RM3,916,304.86
(b)Kos kaki palsu = RM2,041,632.50
(c)Laporan JPJ = RM20
(d)Laporan polis, rajah kasar dan kunci dan gambar kemalangan = RM50
(e)Laporan perubatan dari Hospital Kota Tinggi = RM40
(f)Kos laporan perubatan dari Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru = RM40
(g)Kos laporan doktor Ortopedik = RM1876
(h)Perbelanjaan perjalanan untuk ahli-ahli keluarga ke Hospital Kota Tinggi = RM350
(i)Perbelanjaan perjalanan untuk ahli-ahli keluarga ke Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru = RM4,000
(j)Kerusi roda dari tarikh kemalangan sehingga umur 74 tahun = RM100,000
(k)Bil Hospital Kota Tinggi = RM1000
(l)Bil Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru = RM5000
(m)Laporan sebut harga pakar prostetik tangan dan kaki palsu bertarikh 27.5.2019 dari Endolite Asia Sdn Bhd = RM6000
(n)Laporan sebut harga pakar prostetik tangan dan kaki palsu bertarikh 6.9.2023 dari Endolite Asia Sdn Bhd = RM6000
(o)Kos pembedahan (anggaran) = RM5,000
(p)Perbelanjaan perubatan dan/atau rawatan lanjut = RM5,000
(q)Perbelanjaan untuk membaiki kerosakan motorvan no. JLS1239 = RM5,000
(r)Kos perbelanjaan mengubahsuai rumah kediaman = RM20,000
(s)Kos perbelanjaan mengubahsuai kenderaan = RM10,000
(t)Kos menjalani latihan terapi vokasional = RM7,000
(u)Kos tongkat forearm = RM800
(v)Kehilangan pendapatan sebenar (Dipersetujui) = RM109,200
(w)Kehilangan separuh pendapatan masa hadapan (Dipersetujui) = RM70,200
Jumlah keseluruhan gantirugi khas adalah sebanyak RM6,314,513.36
Dan seterusnya adalah dihakimi bahawa selepas mengambil kira isu liabiliti, Defendan dihakimi membayar kepada Plaintif Pertama gantirugi am sebanyak RM253,300 (iaitu 85% daripada RM298,000) dan gantirugi khas sebanyak RM5,367,336.36 (iaitu 85% daripada RM6,314,513.36).
Dan seterusnya Defendan dihak
