Narkunavathy Sundareson J:

GROUNDS OF JUDGMENT

Introduction

[1]For convenience, parties will be referred to as they were in the Sessions Court.

[2]This is the Plaintiffs appeal against the decision of the learned Session Court Judge (SCJ) dated 8.7.2024 wherein she dismissed the Plaintiffs application to enter judgment on admission of facts under O.27 r. 3(1) Rules of Court 2012 (ROC).

[3]After careful consideration of the cause papers and submissions, this Court dismissed the Plaintiff’s appeal on 9.2.2025. The following are the reasons for that decision.

Background facts

[4]The Plaintiff instituted a suit in the Sessions Court claiming damages for alleged medical negligence whilst she underwent treatment in Kulim Hospital circa 2020.

[5]In their Statement of Defence, the Defendant denied the whole of the Plaintiff’s claim and put her to strict proof.

Application under 0.27 ROC

[6]The Plaintiff’s application for judgment was premised on admissions made during case management of her suit on 30.5.2023 dan 20.12.2023 (Exhibits “NF-1” and “NF-2”, pages 24 - 27 Rekod Rayuan Jilid II).

[7]The Plaintiff alleged that the Defendants were well aware of their negligence from their own internal investigation report. They failed to produce the report thus far and recanted on recording judgment on liability.

[8]The Plaintiff submitted that based on the minutes of the case management, the Defendants had admitted liability for the Plaintiffs claim. The Plaintiff cited Nurul Husna Muhammad Hafiz & Anor v. Keraiaan Malaysia & Ors f201511 CLJ 825; f2014l MLJU 1922, wherein Vazeer Alam Mydin Meera HCJ (as His Lordship then was) allowed judgment to be recorded against the defendants based on their admission during case management.

[6]9. The Plaintiff alleged that the Defendants were hiding their specialist report and cited Multi-Purpose Credit Sdn Bhd v. Tan Sri Dato’ Paduka (Dr) Ting Pek Khinq . The Plaintiff liken the Defendants’ failure to produce the report to “hendak menepung tiada beras.”

[10]The Defendants on the other hand denied the Plaintiff’s allegations and averred that the minutes of the case management did not amount to an admission of liability on their part. This was because parties were in the midst of negotiating settlement.

[11]The Defendants submitted that they were not under any obligation to produce their expert report and that the failure to do so did not tantamount to an admission of liability on their part.

[12]The Defendant submitted that O.27 r. 3(1) ROC gave the Court the discretion and cited Affin Bank Bhd v. Succescom Enterprise Sdn Bhd at 51 -

“In an application for judgment based on admission it is a principle of law that the court has power to enter judgment against a defendant based on an admission of facts made on pleadings or otherwise under O 27 r 3 of the RHC. However, it is not a matter of right that a plaintiff can obtain judgment based on an admission of facts under O 27 r 3 of the RHC. The court has a discretion as to whether judgment should and such discretion is exercised depending on the circumstances of the case. See the case of In re Wright Kirke v North O 27 r 3 of the RHC if there is an unequivocal admission of fact which entitles the plaintiff to enter judgment against the defendant. If liability turns on a question of law or mixed fact and law, judgment cannot be obtained (see the case of Perwira Habib Bank (M) Bhd v Hj Abdullah Hj Sulaiman & Anor O 27 r 3 of the RHC. The court will not exercise its discretion to allow judgment to be entered under O 27 r 3 of the RHC if there are issues to be tried or there is a defence to the action.”

Principles of law

[13]O.27 r.3(1) ROC reads -

“Where admissions of fact are made by a party to a cause or matter either by his pleadings or otherwise, any other party to the cause or matter may apply to the Court for such judgment or order as upon those admissions he may be entitled to, without waiting for the determination of any other question between the parties, and the Court may