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2025 Supreme(SRI)(CA) 251

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA
B. Sasi Mahendran, Amal Ranaraja, JJ
Hapuhennedige Vasana Raveendra Wickramasena and others – Appellant
Versus
Sanjaya Prasad Jayamanna and others – Respondent
CA/(PHC) 125/2019



Advocates:
Chandana Liyanapatabandy, PC, Ershan Ariaratnam with Wijaya Gamag for the Appellants Malit Azeez, SC for the 2nd and 3rd Respondents

The Magistrate's duty to properly frame charges is statutory; dismissal of charges without evidence and procedural adherence is a ground for revision.

Headnote:(A) Criminal Procedure Code Act, No. 15 of 1979 - Sections 182, 186, and 167 - Charges of infringement of trade name and dishonest misappropriation - The Learned Magistrate's order acquitting the accused was set aside by the High Court on grounds of procedural irregularities, including failure to lead evidence before discharging the accused - The duty to frame lawful charges rests with the Magistrate. (Paras 9, 11, 12)

(B) Revisionary Jurisdiction - The High Court’s discretion in reviewing a Magistrate's order requires evidence of manifest error or injustice; the learned Magistrate’s findings must adhere to statutory procedures.

Facts of the case:
The Appellants were charged with trademark infringement and misappropriation relating to a complaint by the Respondent, after which they raised preliminary objections resulting in acquittal by the magistrate. The revision application by the Respondent was filed after a significant delay.

Findings of Court:
The Learned High Court Judge found that the Magistrate had failed to follow proper procedures and ordered the framing of charges to proceed to trial.

Issues: Whether the learned Magistrate correctly dismissed charges against the Appellants without evidence and adhered to the procedural requirements of framing charges.

Ratio Decidendi: The court noted that the Learned Magistrate's decision to discharge the Accused without leading evidence was improper and that the duty to frame charges rests with the Magistrate, aligning with Section 182 of the CCPA.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

JUDGEMENT

B. Sasi Mahendran, J.

This is an appeal arising from the order made by the Learned High Court Judge of the Provincial High Court of Western Province, holding in Colombo, in the case No. HCRA/66/17 on 31.07.2019.

According to the Petitioner, the Fraud Investigation Bureau, on a complaint made by the Aggrieved party- Petitioner-Respondent (hereinafter referred to as the Respondent), issued summons to the 1st,2nd, and 3rd Accused-Respondent-Appellants (hereafter referred to as Appellants)

On 02.07.2015, the following charges were read over to the Appellants,

1. Infringement of the trade name and trademark titled 'CICRA' under section 121 of the Intellectual Property Act, No. 36 of 2003, read with section 186 (2).

2. Dishonest misappropriation of property worth Rs. 4 million purchased by the Respondent for CICRA Institute of Education (Pvt) Ltd, under Section 386 of the Penal Code, read with Section 32 of the Penal Code.

After pleading not guilty to the charges on 26.10.2016, the Appellants proceeded to raise preliminary objections concerning the contents of the charge sheet.

On 23.11.2016, the Learned Magistrate upheld the preliminary objections raised by the Appellants and, exercising powers under Section 186 of the Criminal Procedure Code, acquitted Appellants of all charges.

It is pertinent to set out the relevant portion of the order issued on 23.11.2016.

“එවැනි තත්තත්තවයක් තුල 121 වගන්තිය උල්ලංගනය වීමක්ද සිදුවන්තනන්ත නැත. එපරිද්නදන්තම 186 (2) යටනත්ත වරදක් සංස්ථාපනය වන්තනන්තද නැත. වරදක් සංස්ථාපනය නනාවූ විනටක 186 (4) යටනත්ත දඬුවමක් ලබා දීමටද නනාහැක. ඒ අනුව මුල් පැමිණිලිකරු නවතට 2012.04.02 දින වන විට සික්රා නවළඳ නාමය හා නවළඳ සලකුණ ලැබී නනාිබීම මත 2012.03.17 දින එහි අයිිවාසිකමක් කඩවීමක් උපචය නනාවන බැවින්ත ( මුල් බි වාර්තානේ 3 වන පිටුනේ 2014.06.24 දින තමාට සහිකය ලැබී ඇි බව පැමිණිලිකරු කියා ිබීම. ) 1 වන නචෝදනාවද නමම විත්තිකරුවන්තට එනරහිව පවරා පවත්තවානගන යාමට නනාහැකි බවට තීරණය කල යුතුය.

ඒඅනුව නපර මා සඳහන්ත කල පරිදි 2 වන නචෝදනාවද පවරා පවත්තවානගන යා නනාහැකි බවට තීරණය කරමි.

නමම නඩුනේ ඉහත නීිමය සිද්ධාන්තත පදනම් කරනගන අපරාධ නඩු විධාන පනනත්ත 186 වන වගන්තිය යටනත්ත නිනදාස ් කල හැකිය යන කරුණ සැලකිල්ලට භාජනය කරමි. අපරාධ නඩු විධාන සංග්‍රහ පනනත්ත 186 වගන්තිනේ විධිවිධාන පහත පරිදි නේ.

186. නමහි මින්ත නපර ඇතුලත්ත කිසිවකින්ත නඩුනේ යම් කලින්ත අවස්ථාවකදී චුදිතයා නිදහස් කිරීනමන්ත මනහ්ස්රාත්තවරයා වලක්වනු ලැනබතැයි සලකනු නනාලැබිය යුතු නමුත්ත එනස් නිදහස් කිරීමට නහ්තු මනහ්ස්රාත්තවරයා විසින්ත වාර්තාගත කරනු ලැබිය යුතුය.

ඒ අනුව ඉහත සිද්ධාන්තත අනුව තීරණය කරමින්ත මුලික විනරෝධතාවය පිළිගන්තනා අතර ආපරාධ නඩු විධාන පනනත්ත 186 යටනත්ත ක්‍රියා කරමින චුදිතයින්ත නමම නඩුනවන්ත නිදහස් කිරීමට තීරණය කරමි’

The primary reason cited by the learned Magistrate for dismissing the charges was that they could not be sustained, given that the virtual complainant and the 1st and 2nd Accused were directors and shared ownership of the CICRA.

Being aggrieved by the said order, the Respondents invoked the revisionary jurisdiction of the Provincial High Court of the Western Province, holding in Colombo.

In their statement of objection, the Appellant raised a preliminary objection, contending that the Respondent had delayed nearly six months in filing the revision application following the order issued by the Learned Magistrate.

Thereafter, the Learned High Court Judge delivered his order on 31.07.2019 and set aside the order of the learned magistrate on the following grounds.

a) The duty to frame lawful charges is vested upon the learned Magistrate under Section 182 of the CCPA

b) The Learned Magistrate discharged the Accused (now Appellants) before leading any evidence;

c) If there were errors in the charge sheet, the learned Magistrate was duty-bound to amend the charge, resorting to Section 167 of the CCPA

d) The impugned Order contains irrelevant matters, especially the case under the Primary Courts Act and the case before the Commercial High Court.

e) The Learned Magistrate had arrived at certain findings based on factual matters before any evidence had been led; and, therefore,

f) The impugn

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