United States Court of Appeals
                     For the First Circuit


No. 23-1391

 TYNGSBORO SPORTS II SOLAR, LLC and 201 OAK PEMBROKE SOLAR LLC,
  individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated,

                     Plaintiffs, Appellants,

                               v.

   NATIONAL GRID USA SERVICE COMPANY, INC. and MASSACHUSETTS
                       ELECTRIC COMPANY,

                     Defendants, Appellees.


          APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
               FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS

         [Hon. Richard G. Stearns, U.S. District Judge]


                             Before

                  Rikelman, Selya, and Howard,
                        Circuit Judges.


          Andrew M. McNeela, with whom John R. Low-Beer, David E.
Kovel, Kirby McInerney LLP, Seth H. Handy, and Handy Law LLC were
on brief, for appellants.
          Richard H. Brown, with whom Michael J. Fitzpatrick and
Day Pitney LLP were on brief, for appellees.


                        December 6, 2023
           HOWARD, Circuit Judge.          For the past nine years, various

renewable-energy generators have unsuccessfully petitioned state