Defendant-Appellant Alex Oliveras appeals from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York (Arcara, J.), entered 2 November 23, 2021, following his guilty plea, sentencing him principally to sixty- three months’ imprisonment and a three-year supervised release term for possessing cocaine with intent to distribute in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841 (a)(1) and (b)(1)(C), and possessing a firearm in furtherance of drug trafficking in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924 (c)(1)(A)(i). Oliveras’s sole contention on appeal is that the imposition of a special condition of supervised release that subjects him to suspicionless searches by a probation officer (the “Search Condition”) violates the Fourth Amendment.

We conclude that the “special needs” doctrine of the Fourth Amendment permits, when sufficiently supported by the record, the imposition of a special condition of supervised release that allows the probation officer to conduct a suspicionless search of the defendant’s person, property, vehicle, place of residence or any other property under his or her control. However, the district