In the United States Court of Appeals FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

AUGUST TERM 2022 No. 22-1289

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellee,

v.

RICKEY JOHNSON, AKA SEALED DEFENDANT 1, AKA NEIL DAWN DEFARREN, Defendant-Appellant.

On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

ARGUED: JUNE 6, 2023 DECIDED: SEPTEMBER 6, 2024

Before: CHIN and MENASHI, Circuit Judges, and ENGELMAYER, Judge. *

* Judge Paul A. Engelmayer of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation. Defendant Rickey Johnson was convicted of making threatening interstate communications and of threatening United States officials. He argues that five purported errors over the course of the trial require vacatur of his convictions: (1) t