UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 10th day of May, two thousand twenty-four. Present: DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, Chief Judge, RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, JOSEPH F. BIANCO, MICHAEL H. PARK, WILLIAM J. NARDINI, STEVEN J. MENASHI, EUNICE C. LEE, BETH ROBINSON, MYRNA PÉREZ, SARAH A. L. MERRIAM, MARIA ARAÚJO KAHN Circuit Judges. _____________________________________

Docket Nos. 22-76-cv (L), 22-496-cv (Con), 15-3135-cv (L), 15-3151-cv (XAP), 22-1060-cv (Con) ____________________________________ MIRIAM FULD, INDIVIDUALLY, AS PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE AND ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ESTATE OF ARI YOEL FULD, DECEASED, AND AS NATURAL GUARDIAN OF PLAINTIFF NATAN SHAI FULD, NATAN SHAI FULD, MINOR, BY H