1 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 2 FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT 3 _____________________ 4 5 AUGUST TERM 2019 6 7 (ARGUED: NOVEMBER 4, 2019 DECIDED: APRIL 15, 2020) 8 9 Nos. 16-3423-pr(L), 18-1113-pr(CON) 10 11 _____________________ 12 13 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 14 15 Appellee 16 17 -v.- 18 19 RALPH NOLAN 20 21 Defendant-Appellant. 22

1 1 Before: SACK and HALL, Circuit Judges, and RAKOFF, District Judge. 1 2 _______________________ 3 Defendant-Appellant Ralph Nolan challenges the denial by the district 4 court (Daniels, J.) of his motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 to vacate his conviction on 5 the ground of ineffective assistance of counsel. Nolan argues that he received 6 ineffective assistance beca